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M. Dinesh Kumar, Madar Samad, Upali Amarasinghe and O. P. Singh

WATER SAVING AND YIELD ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES: How far can they contribute to water productivity enhancement in Indian Agriculture?. M. Dinesh Kumar, Madar Samad, Upali Amarasinghe and O. P. Singh. Introduction. The spread of water-saving irrigation technologies is very low in India

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M. Dinesh Kumar, Madar Samad, Upali Amarasinghe and O. P. Singh

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  1. WATER SAVING AND YIELD ENHANCING TECHNOLOGIES:How far can they contribute to water productivity enhancement in Indian Agriculture? M. Dinesh Kumar, Madar Samad, Upali Amarasinghe and O. P. Singh

  2. Introduction • The spread of water-saving irrigation technologies is very low in India • The objectives: • to analyze the potential of water saving technologies in terms of spread and in terms of enhancement in water productivity • To analyze the institutional and policy options • The Study to bank on knowledge and expertise on this technologies and their impacts, the extensive literature available

  3. Table 1: Nature of Water Saving for Different Crops under Different Types of Efficient Irrigation Technologies Nature of Water Saving for Different Crops under Different Types of Efficient Irrigation Technologies

  4. Current Contribution of Water Saving Technologies • Present spread of water-saving irrigation technologies in Indian agriculture • 9.18 lac ha under sprinklers • 2.6 under drip systems • Rate of adoption of MI system during 2001-05 • Contribution of water-saving technologies in Indian river basins • Physical impact of WSTs on Water Demand Drivers • Area and cropping systems • Efficiency • Water Saving and Water Productivity • Return flows • Aggregate water consumption from the system in crop production • Economic impacts

  5. Potential Future Improvements in Water Productivity through WSTs… • Opportunities and Constraints in Adoption of Water-Saving Irrigation Technologies • Physical Constraints in Adopting in Water Saving Technologies • Physical Opportunities for Creating “Wet Water” • Socioeconomic and Institutional Constraints • Socioeconomic and Institutional Opportunities for Water Saving Technologies • Crops Conducive to Water-Saving Technologies • Water-scarce River Basins that can benefit from WSTs • Area that can be brought under Water-Saving Irrigation Technologies

  6. Potential improvements… • Basins Conducive to Water-Saving Irrigation Technologiesfrom adoption perspective • West flowing rivers north of Tapi in Gujarat and Rajasthan • Sabarmati, Banas, Narmada • East flowing rivers of Peninsular India • Mahanadi • Parts of Indus basin • Quantification of Actual System-Level Water-use and Water-saving Impacts

  7. Enabling environment for spreading water saving technologies • Analysis of Existing Water & Energy Policies • Crop area based pricing of surface water for irrigation; • Un-scientific water delivery schedules followed in irrigation systems; • Flat rate system of pricing of electricity or free electricity followed by many Indian states for farm sector; • Power supply restrictions for farm sector (constraint in expanding area under irrigation)

  8. Enabling environment… • Institutional and Policy Alternatives • Pro rata pricing of electricity • Metering & cash incentives • High quality power • Reforms in the administration of subsidy • What do we do in Canal Command Areas? • Delivery system design (advanced stage of system design like in Israel) • Efficient pricing • Proper incentive for creating intermediate storages as alternative

  9. Rate of Adoption of MI Systems during 2001-05 Under Various Programmes

  10. Irrigation Efficiencies under Different Methods of Irrigation

  11. Impact of Drip Irrigation on Applied Water, Yield and Applied Water Productivity in Castor in Manka PM = Plastic Mulching; OM = Organic Mulching

  12. Impact of Drip Irrigation on Applied Water, Yield and Applied Water Productivity in Groundnut (Kumbhasan)

  13. Impact of Drip Irrigation on Applied Water, Yield and Applied Water Productivity in Potato (Manka)

  14. Economics of Drip Irrigation in Alfalfa for Four Different Situations

  15. Crops conducive to WSTs

  16. Estimated Area under Crops Conducive to Water Saving Irrigation Technologies

  17. Aggregate Saving in Water Possible with Drip Irrigation Systems

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