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Pre-History and Early Humans

Pre-History and Early Humans. Subunit 1 : Patterns of Human Organization. Essential Questions. How do historians discover knowledge about the past without writing? What were the major differences between the Paleo- and Neolithic eras?

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Pre-History and Early Humans

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  1. Pre-History and Early Humans Subunit 1: Patterns of Human Organization

  2. Essential Questions • How do historians discover knowledge about the past without writing? • What were the major differences between the Paleo- and Neolithic eras? • How did systematic agriculture lead to the creation of the first civilizations?

  3. How Historians Study Pre-History • Prehistory- time before writing was developed • Archaeology- Study of past societies through analysis of what people left behind • Anthropology- the study of human life and culture

  4. Hominid: Human-like creature that walks upright Homo sapiens: modern man (“wise human”) sapien sapien

  5. Evolutionary Advantages Earliest traits • Flexible thumbs & fingers • Strong and sturdy ankle bones • Upright posture (walking on 2 legs) • Darker skin Later Traits • Large brain (Most important) • Lighter skin • Blue eyes • Mastery of fire (not a mutation, but still important)

  6. Table Discussion In your table group, discuss… • What would the advantages be of the following genetic mutations: • Upright posture (walking on 2 legs) • Flexible thumbs & fingers • Large brain • Strong and sturdy ankle bones • Lighter skin • Darker skin • Blue eyes • Mastery of fire (not a mutation, but still important)

  7. Out-of-Africa Theory Definition: The global spread of Homo sapiens sapiens from Africa about 100,000 years ago. • Which areas saw the earliest development outside of Africa? • Which areas developed the latest?

  8. Paleolithic Age (“Old Stone” Age) • “Old Stone” • 2,500,000 BCE - 10,000 BCE • Use of simple stone tools • Objective = survival • Nomadic (move to where the food is) • Equality among sexes

  9. Ice Age • Most recent Ice Age began 100,000 BCE and lasted 2,000 years • Migration from Asia to North America • Across area called Beringia • Land masses disappear after ice caps melt Why was the mastery of fire integral to human survival during the various Ice Ages in prehistory?

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