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Prentice Hall Physical Science

Prentice Hall Physical Science. Chapter 2 Properties of Matter. 2.1 Classifying Matter. Composition is what the material is made of. Composition determines if a material is a pure substance or a mixture. A. Pure Substances.

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Prentice Hall Physical Science

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  1. Prentice Hall Physical Science

  2. Chapter 2 Properties of Matter

  3. 2.1 Classifying Matter

  4. Composition is what the material is made of

  5. Composition determines if a material is a pure substance or a mixture

  6. A. Pure Substances • Matter that is exactly the same throughout is a pure substance; it has the same composition throughout

  7. 1. Elements • - a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances • - it contains only one type of atom; all of the atoms in a sample of an element are exactly the same • - at room temperature, most elements are solids • - each element name is represented by a symbol • - each symbol is one or two letters and the first letter is always capitalized • - ex: sodium is Na • carbon is C • gold is Au • 2. Compounds • - a substance made of two or more simpler substances (elements or other, simpler compounds) that be broken down into those substances with a chemical reaction • - the properties of the compounds are different than the properties of the elements that make them up • - ex: hydrogen and oxygen are both flammable gases, but when they join to form water (H2O) it becomes a liquid that can put out fires • - a compound always contains two or more elements in a fixed (unchanging) proportion • - ex: water is always H2O • carbon dioxide is always CO2

  8. B. Mixtures • Mixtures are combinations of two or more substances where each substance maintains its own properties

  9. The properties vary

  10. The composition varies because the substances can be mixed in any proportion

  11. Mixtures CAN be separated into their part without a chemical reaction • 1. heterogeneous mixtures – the parts of the mixture are noticeably different from one another (ex: beach sand, chili, vegetable soup) • 2. homogeneous mixtures – the parts of the mixture cannot be distinguished from one another (ex: alloys, ocean water, cake batter) • 3. solutions – substances that dissolve to form a homogeneous mixture (ex: salt water, kool-aid) • - liquid solutions do not separate and cannot be filtered • - light passes straight through them without being scattered • - the particles in them are too small to settle or be trapped • 4. suspensions – a heterogeneous mixture that separates into layers over time (ex: muddy water, Italian salad dressing) • - a filter can separate the parts • - the particles are too larger to dissolve or be trapped • 5. colloids – contains particles that are intermediate in size caught between smaller particles (homogenized milk) • - the particles do not settle out • - they cannot be filtered to separate them • - they scatter light so the light will not go directly through them

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