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DIFFERENT NAMES FOR SIMILAR TECHNOLOGIES

DIFFERENT NAMES FOR SIMILAR TECHNOLOGIES. world system (world system theory) A concept developed by the American historian Immanuel Wallerstein to refer to an economic unit extending beyond the boundaries of an individual nation-state by virtue of trade networks and economic alliances.

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DIFFERENT NAMES FOR SIMILAR TECHNOLOGIES

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  1. DIFFERENT NAMES FOR SIMILAR TECHNOLOGIES

  2. world system (world system theory) A concept developed by the American historian Immanuel Wallerstein to refer to an economic unit extending beyond the boundaries of an individual nation-state by virtue of trade networks and economic alliances.

  3. Iranian Plateau: • Fairly high • Surrounded with mountains • Bridge between Central Asia and the Mediterranean Basin world systems

  4. Iranian Plateau: • Similar mountain ranges with Anatolia • Slightly cooler winters… • And relatively warmer summers than Anatolia • Significantly different agricultural production

  5. Iranian Plateau: • Significantly different agricultural production WHY?

  6. Iranian Plateau: • Significantly less year-long precipitation than Anatolia • Mostly warm and arid soil • Significant regional differences between north west and southeast

  7. Iranian Plateau: • Mostly arid & not good for agriculture • On significant commercial routes • Significant regional differences

  8. Pre-Islamic Iran Sasanian Empire: • Zoroastrianism as the religion of the imperial family • Religious tolerance against Jews, Christians and other belief systems Why?

  9. Pre-Islamic Iran Practical reasons for tolerance: • War with the Byzantine Empire • Agricultural production

  10. Islam in the Plateau Umayyad caliphate and “Arab elitism” 681-745 CE

  11. Islam in the Plateau Loose control by notables and Persian and other ethnic mercenaries Development of a judicial structure Central Asian influence and Sufi networks

  12. Islam in the Plateau Autonomous kingdoms by 9th century

  13. Islam in the Plateau Turkic tribes come in as mercenaries in the 10th century

  14. Islam in the Plateau From mercenaries to kings: Ghaznavids of 11th century

  15. Islam in the Plateau The expansion of the “Great Saljuqs” in the 11th and 12th centuries

  16. The Ilkhanid Empire of the Mongols • A “Khanate” of the Mongols • Settled in the plateau in the 13th century • Centralized their administration in 14th century • Allied themselves with urban bureaucrats, merchants and the ‘ulama

  17. The Timurid Empire of the Mongols • Emphasized Islam as a unifying factor in the plateau. Samarkand, Bukhara and Herat became important centers

  18. An age of Mercenaries Empires of Mercenaries: Tribal alliances and adaptation Military power and taxation

  19. The Safavid Empire • Safavid movement (founded by Shaykh Safi al-Din in the 14th century) was a Sunni Sufi movement • It became particularly powerful in northwest plateau and Anatolia in the 15th century • Shah Junayd (1447-60) and Shah Isma’il (1487-1524): birth of a Shi‛i Iran • Shah Abbas: Expansion of the Safavid Empire—Isfahan

  20. Do you notice anything peculiar in the way these empires changed over the time?

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