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How Users Associate Wireless Devices

How Users Associate Wireless Devices. Ming Ki Chong (chong@comp.lancs.ac.uk) Hans Gellersen (hwg@comp.lancs.ac.uk). Which of these devices are connected?. Wired connection. Wireless connection. Introduction. Device association Ideally, an association should be Quick & Easy

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How Users Associate Wireless Devices

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  1. How Users Associate Wireless Devices Ming Ki Chong(chong@comp.lancs.ac.uk) Hans Gellersen (hwg@comp.lancs.ac.uk) CHI 2011, Vancouver, BC, Canada

  2. Which of these devices are connected? Wired connection Wireless connection

  3. Introduction • Device association • Ideally, an association should be • Quick & Easy • No preparation • Without Instructions • Spontaneous interaction • E.g., printing a document in a public environment

  4. Question • What types of actions do people spontaneouslyproduce to associate wireless devices? • How would you do it?

  5. Some examples Synchronous Gestures (Hinckley, 2003) Spatial Alignment.Pointing a laser (Mayrhofer, 2007) Pen Gestures. “Stitching” (Hinckley, 2004) Shaking. “Shake well before use” (Mayrhofer, 2009) And, lots more Proximity (Rekimoto, 2003)

  6. Methodology • User-defined actions • Similar to Wobbrock et al. (2009) and Kray et al. (2010) • Spontaneous actions, i.e., without premeditation and no hints • 18 non-technical participants (9 , 9 )

  7. Generic Prototypes • 12 types of wireless devices • We made low-fi plastic props with minimal user interfaces (Left) Interactive Display (Right, top row) Tablet Computer, Keyboard (Second row) Media player, Digital Camera, Microphone, Mouse, Handheld Projector (Bottom row) Digital Watch, Mobile Phone, Gaming Device, Headphones

  8. Setup • 37 combinations of devices • 30 pairings • 7 groups of 3 or more • Selected 3 primary devices • Mobile Phone • Tablet Computer • Interactive Display • At least one primary in each combination

  9. Environment Library Camera Participant Conductor Plastic Props *A mock-up picture of the user study setup.

  10. Video : Mobile Phone + Handheld Projector Mobile Phone Handheld Projector

  11. Video : Interactive Display + Wireless Keyboard Interactive Display Wireless Keyboard

  12. Results • Collected 752 instances • 36 unique actions. For example: Device Touch Docking Hanging Physical Contact Pointing Snap a picture Swiping

  13. Twelve categories • The top five categories • Search & Select • Proximity • Button Event • Device Touch • Gesture • Not a single category with a large proportion • 5 large shares Overall occurrences of the twelve categories

  14. Total number of occurrences Total number of occurrences 12 Categories 37 Device Combinations Top Five Categories Mobile Phone Tablet Computer Interactive Display Multiple Devices 3 or more

  15. Mobile Phone Tablet Computer 3 4 1 5 3 - - 1 -11 - Wireless Headset Interactive Display Multiple Devices

  16. Highest numbers only Search & Select Gesture Projector Mobile Phone Projector Tablet Computer Proximity Projector Interactive Display Multiple Devices Projector

  17. Token Mobile Phone Tablet Computer Interactive Display Multiple Devices

  18. Discussion / Reflection • People have many ideas • Commercial products have adopted • search & select, bumping, device touch • Overlaps between researchers and users, but not always in harmony, e.g.: • Shaking • Physical Token

  19. Summary • Presented a study of user-defined actions for spontaneous device association • No single favourite action, instead five dominant categories were found • The data we have is a snapshot of people’s current view

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