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Understanding Biological Classification: From Aristotle to Linnaeus

Over 2,000 years ago, Aristotle initiated the classification of living organisms into plants and animals. Later, Carolus Linnaeus refined this concept, developing a systematic approach based on similarity in structure. He introduced binomial nomenclature, assigning each species a two-word scientific name that helps avoid confusion and organizes information effectively. This system classifies organisms into kingdoms based on various characteristics and reflects their evolutionary history, ensuring that those with similar traits are grouped together for better understanding.

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Understanding Biological Classification: From Aristotle to Linnaeus

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  1. Life Structure and Function A 1.4 Classification

  2. Classification • More than 2,000 years ago, a Greek named Aristotle observed living things. • He decided that any organism could be classified as either a plant or an animal. • Animal categories included hair or no hair, four legs or few legs, and blood or no blood. • Carolus Linnaeus developed a new system of grouping organisms.

  3. Classification • His classification system was based on looking for organisms with similar structures. • Phylogeny (fi LAH juh nee) is the evolutionary history of an organism, or how it has changed over time. • A kingdom is the first and largest category.

  4. Classification • Organisms are placed into kingdoms based on various characteristics. • The two-word naming system that Linnaeus used to name the various species is called binomial nomenclature (bi NOH mee ul . NOH mun klay chur). • A genus is a group of similar species.

  5. Classification • Two-word scientific names are used for four reasons. • First, they help avoid mistakes. • Second, organisms with similar evolutionary histories are classified together.

  6. Classification • Third, scientific names give descriptive information about the species. • Fourth, scientific names allow information about organisms to be organized easily and efficiently.

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