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Understanding Inflammation: Nonspecific Resistance to Disease and Healing Mechanisms

Inflammation is a key component of the body’s nonspecific resistance to disease. It acts against all microorganisms, even in sterile conditions, and occurs in the dermis layer of the skin. The process includes blood vessels, white blood cells, connective tissue, and nerve cells. Inflammation serves to inhibit microbial growth, facilitate tissue repair, and is characterized by heat, swelling, pain, and redness. Histamine release initiates the inflammatory response, leading to increased blood flow and phagocytosis by neutrophils, which consume bacteria and debris. Healing leads to the formation of new tissue and potential scar formation.

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Understanding Inflammation: Nonspecific Resistance to Disease and Healing Mechanisms

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  1. Plate 53 Nonspecific Resistance to Disease: Inflammation

  2. Nonspecific Resistance • Inflammation is the same against all microorganisms (hence nonspecific) • Inflammation can occur even if a sterile object is used • Inflamed = to be flamed (heated, turns red)

  3. Inflammation • Occurs in lower layers of skin (dermis) • Contains: • Blood vessels • White blood cells • Connective tissue • Nerve cells

  4. Purpose of Inflammation • Prevents the growth of microorganisms • Heat inhibits the reproduction of bacteria • Phagocytes consume bacteria cells • Repairs mechanical damage • Rebuilds damaged tissues

  5. Symptoms of Inflammation • 4 defining symptoms: • Heat • Swelling • Pain • Redness

  6. Beginning of Inflammation • Damaged tissues release histamines, which increase blood flow to the injured area • Results in redness • Capillaries leak phagocytes and clotting proteins into the wound • Results in swelling and heat

  7. Phagocytosis • Neutrophils (white blood cells) phagocytize the following materials: • Bacteria • Dead cells • Debris • After filling with material, neutrophils die (and become pus)

  8. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suCKm97yvyk&feature=related

  9. Healing • After all foreign material is removed, blood vessels decrease in size and quantity • Fibroblasts create new fibers (fibrosis) in the injured area, sometimes resulting in scar tissue

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