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2. Using Boundless Presentations Boundless Teaching Platform Boundless empowers educators to engage their students with affordable, customizable textbooks and intuitive teaching tools. The free Boundless Teaching Platform gives educators the ability to customize textbooks in more than 20 subjects that align to hundreds of popular titles. Get started by using high quality Boundless books, or make switching to our platform easier by building from Boundless content pre-organized to match the assigned textbook. This platform gives educators the tools they need to assign readings and assessments, monitor student activity, and lead their classes with pre-made teaching resources. Get started now at: • The Appendix The appendix is for you to use to add depth and breadth to your lectures. You can simply drag and drop slides from the appendix into the main presentation to make for a richer lecture experience. http://boundless.com/teaching-platform • Free to edit, share, and copy Feel free to edit, share, and make as many copies of the Boundless presentations as you like. We encourage you to take these presentations and make them your own. If you have any questions or problems please email: educators@boundless.com Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

3. About Boundless • Boundless is an innovative technology company making education more affordable and accessible for students everywhere. The company creates the world’s best open educational content in 20+ subjects that align to more than 1,000 popular college textbooks. Boundless integrates learning technology into all its premium books to help students study more efficiently at a fraction of the cost of traditional textbooks. The company also empowers educators to engage their students more effectively through customizable books and intuitive teaching tools as part of the Boundless Teaching Platform. More than 2 million learners access Boundless free and premium content each month across the company’s wide distribution platforms, including its website, iOS apps, Kindle books, and iBooks. To get started learning or teaching with Boundless, visit boundless.com. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

4. The Early Phase of the War The Civil War: 1861–1865 Emancipation During the War Women and the War Government During the War ] Military Efforts: 1863-1865 The Civil War: 1861–1865 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

5. The End of the Civil War The Civil War: 1861–1865(continued) Modern Warfare Conclusion: Reasons for Union Victory ] The Civil War: 1861–1865 Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

6. The Civil War: 1861–1865 > The Early Phase of the War The Early Phase of the War • Origins of the War • Attack on Fort Sumter • The Battle of Bull Run • Naval Actions • Forming Armies • Confederate Diplomacy • The West and the Civil War • McClellan's Peninsular Campaign • The Battle of Fredericksburg Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-civil-war-1861-1865-18/the-early-phase-of-the-war-130/

7. The Civil War: 1861–1865 > Emancipation During the War Emancipation During the War • Emancipation • African Americans in the Military • The Contraband Camps Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-civil-war-1861-1865-18/emancipation-during-the-war-131/

8. The Civil War: 1861–1865 > Women and the War Women and the War • Women and the War Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-civil-war-1861-1865-18/women-and-the-war-132/

9. The Civil War: 1861–1865 > Government During the War Government During the War • Government During the War • Union Finances • Confederate Finances • Union Politics • Confederate Politics Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-civil-war-1861-1865-18/government-during-the-war-133/

10. The Civil War: 1861–1865 > Military Efforts: 1863-1865 Military Efforts: 1863-1865 • The Battles: 1863–1865 • Stalemate in the Eastern Theater • Siege of Vicksburg • The Battle of Chancellorsville • The Battle of Gettysburg • The Battle of Chattanooga Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-civil-war-1861-1865-18/military-efforts-1863-1865-134/

11. The Civil War: 1861–1865 > The End of the Civil War The End of the Civil War • Grant's Pursuit of Lee • Sherman's March • Lee's Surrender at Appomattox • Abraham Lincoln's Family Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-civil-war-1861-1865-18/the-end-of-the-civil-war-135/

12. The Civil War: 1861–1865 > Modern Warfare Modern Warfare • Modern Warfare Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-civil-war-1861-1865-18/modern-warfare-136/

13. The Civil War: 1861–1865 > Conclusion: Reasons for Union Victory Conclusion: Reasons for Union Victory • Conclusion: Reasons for Union Victory Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com www.boundless.com/u-s-history/textbooks/boundless-u-s-history-textbook/the-civil-war-1861-1865-18/conclusion-reasons-for-union-victory-1525/

14. Appendix Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

15. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Key terms • Alexander Stephens(February 11, 1812–March 4, 1883) An American politician from Georgia. He was Vice President of the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War. He also served as a U.S. Representative from Georgia (both before the Civil War and after Reconstruction) and as the 50th Governor of Georgia from 1882 until his death in 1883. • AppomattoxA town in Virginia that was the site of Confederate General Lee's surrender to Union General Grant on April 9, 1865, essentially ending the American Civil War. • Army of Northern VirginiaThe primary military force of theConfederate States of America in the eastern theater of the American Civil Waras well as the primary command structure of the Department of NorthernVirginia. • Army of the PotomacThe major Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. • Battle of GettysburgA battle fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. It was the battle with the largest number of casualties in the American Civil War and is often described as the war's turning point. • bivouacAn improvised style ofoutdoor shelter or campsite, sometimes composed of items found in thesurrounding area such as tree branches, leaves, or dirt. • border statesIn the context of the American Civil War, slave states that did not declare their secession from the United States before April 1861. Four slave states never declared a secession: Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri. Four others did not declare secession until after the 1861 Battle of Fort Sumter: Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia—after which, they were less frequently called "border states." • Braxton Bragg(March 22, 1817–September 27, 1876) A career U.S. Army officer, and then a general in the Confederate States Army. He was a principal commander in the western theater of the American Civil War and later the military adviser to Confederate President Jefferson Davis. • Bull RunA battle, also known as the "Battle of First Manassas" (the name used by Confederate forces), fought on July 21, 1861, in Prince William County, Virginia, near the city of Manassas. • bushwhackerA guerrilla (on either side) during the American Civil War. • Clara Barton(December 25, 1821–April 12, 1912) A pioneer American teacher, patent clerk, nurse, and humanitarian. • Confederate CongressThe legislative body of the Confederate States of America, which existed between 1861 and 1865 during the American Civil War. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

16. The Civil War: 1861–1865 • Confederate States ArmyThe army of the Confederate States ofAmerica (or "Confederacy") while the Confederacy existed during theAmerican Civil War. • Confederate States of America DollarCurrency first issued into circulation in April 1861 when the Confederacy was only two-months old on the eve of the outbreak of the Civil War. • conscriptionInvoluntary labor, especially military service, demanded by some established authority or government. • contrabandA black slave during the American Civil War who had escaped to, or been captured by, Union forces. • Copperhead DemocratsA vocal group of Democrats located in the Northern United States of the Union who opposed the American Civil War, wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates. • Dorothea Dix(April 4, 1802–July 17, 1887) An American activist on behalf of the indigent insane who, through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the U.S. Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums. • Eastern TheaterAn area that included the states ofVirginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, the District of Columbia, andthe coastal fortifications and seaports of North Carolina. • emancipationThe act of setting free from the power of another, from slavery, subjection, dependence, or controlling influence. • Emancipation ProclamationAn executive order issued by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln using his war powers on January 1, 1863, during theAmerican Civil War. It proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the 10 states thenin rebellion, making it applicable to 3.1 million of the 4 million slaves inthe United States at that time. • executive orderA legally enforceable order, decree, or regulation issued on the authority of the head of the executive branch of government. • Fort MoultrieFort Moultrie is the name of a series of citadels on Sullivan's Island,South Carolina, built to protect the city of Charleston, South Carolina. • Fort SumterA Third System masonry coastal fortification located inCharleston Harbor, South Carolina. The fort is best known as the site uponwhich the shots initiating the American Civil War were fired. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

17. The Civil War: 1861–1865 • Forty-EightersEuropeans who took part in or supported revolutionary movements acrossthe continent in the year 1848. • FredericksburgA city in the northern part of the state of Virginia in the United States. • General Robert E. Lee(January 19, 1807–October 12, 1870) A careermilitary officer who is best known for having commanded the Confederate Army ofNorthern Virginia in the American Civil War. • Gettysburg AddressThe Gettysburg Address is a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincoln and is one of the most well-known speeches in U.S. history. It was delivered by Lincoln during the American Civil War on the afternoon of Thursday, November 19, 1863, at the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, four and a half months after the Union armies defeated those of the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg. • Harriet Tubman(Born Araminta Harriet Ross; 1820–March 10, 1913) An African-American abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the American Civil War. • Homestead ActOne of three U.S. federal laws that gave (at no cost) an applicant ownership of farmland called a "homestead"—typically 160 acres (65 hectares or one-fourth section) of undeveloped federal land west of the Mississippi River. • Indian TerritoryAlso known as "Indian Territories" or "IndianCountry"; an evolving land area set aside by the U.S.government for the relocation of the indigenous peoples of the Americas whoheld aboriginal title to their land. • Ironclad WarshipAn ironclad was a steam-propelled warship in the early part of the second half of the nineteenth century that was protected by iron or steel armor plates. • Jefferson Davis(1808–1889) An American statesman and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, serving as president of the Confederate States of America for its entire history. • Joseph Hooker(November 13, 1814–October 31, 1879) A career U.S. Army officer, achieving the rank of major general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. • Legal Tender Act of 1862A bill (12 Stat. 345), enacted February 25, 1862, and passed to issue paper money to help finance the Civil War. • modisteA fashionable dressmaker and/or seamstress. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

18. The Civil War: 1861–1865 • National Banking ActThe National Banking Acts of 1863 and 1864 were two U.S. federal banking acts that created the U.S. National Banking System. • National Banking ActThe National Banking Acts of 1863 and 1864 were two U.S. federal banking acts that created the U.S. National Banking System. • official recognitionAlso known as "diplomatic recognition"; in international law, a unilateralpolitical act with domestic and international legal consequences whereby astate acknowledges an act or status of another state or government in controlof a state (also may be an unrecognized state). Recognition can be accordedeither de facto or de jure, usually by a statement of the recognizinggovernment. • Operations Against VicksburgThe first formal phase of the Vicksburg Campaign (December 1862–January 1863). • Overland CampaignA series of battles fought in Virginia during May and June 1864, during the American Civil War; also known as "Grant's Overland Campaign" and the "Wilderness Campaign." • Pickett's ChargePickett's Charge was an infantry assault ordered by Confederate General Robert E. Lee against Major General George G. Meade's Union positions on Cemetery Ridge on July 3, 1863, during the last day of the Battle of Gettysburg. • privateerA privately owned warship that had official sanction to attack enemy ships and take possession of their cargo. • Radical RepublicansA loose faction of American politicians within the Republican Party from about 1854 (before the American Civil War) until the end of Reconstruction in 1877. Radicals strongly opposed slavery during the war and after the war distrusted ex-Confederates, demanding harsh policies for the former rebels, and emphasizing civil rights and voting rights for freedmen (recently freed slaves). • Rappahannock RiverA river in eastern Virginia, in the United States, approximately 195 miles (314 km) in length. • Revenue Act of 1862A bill (Ch. 119, 12 Stat. 432) passed by Congress to help fund the American Civil War. • Rifled MusketA specific type of firearm made in the mid-nineteenth century that featured a rifled barrel instead of a smoothbore musket. • Robert Anderson(June 14, 1805–October 26, 1871) An Americanmilitary leader. He served as a Union Army officer in the American Civil Warand is known for his command of Fort Sumter at the start of the war. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

19. The Civil War: 1861–1865 • Robert E. Lee(January 19, 1807–October, 12 1870) A career military officer who is bestknown for having commanded the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in theAmerican Civil War. • Robert E. Lee(January 19, 1807– October, 12 1870) A career military officer who is bestknown for having commanded the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in theAmerican Civil War. • Robert E. Lee(1807–1870) A career military officer who is best known for having commanded the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War. • Robert E. Lee(1807–1870) A career military officer who is bestknown for having commanded the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in theAmerican Civil War. • scorched earthA military strategy or operational method that involves destroying anything that might be useful to the enemy while advancing through or withdrawing from an area. • scorched earthA military strategy or operational methodthat involves destroying anything that might be useful to the enemy whileadvancing through or withdrawing from an area. • secessionThe act of separating from the Union. • Second Battle of BullRunA battle fought August 28–30, 1862, which was the culmination ofRobert E. Lee’s offensive campaign against Union General Alexander Pope’s Armyof Virginia while it was isolated from General George McClellan’s Army ofthe Potomac. • Second Confiscation ActA law passed in 1862 by the U.S. Congress during the American Civil War. The defining characteristic of the act was that it called for the seizure of land from disloyal citizens (supporters of the Confederacy) in the South as well as for the emancipation of their slaves. • Seven Days BattlesThe Seven Days Battles was a series of six major battles over the sevendays from June 25 to July 1, 1862, near Richmond, Virginia, during the AmericanCivil War. • Sherman's MarchThe name commonly given to the Savannah Campaign conducted through Georgia from November 15, 1864, to December 21, 1864, by Major General William Tecumseh Sherman of the Union Army in the American Civil War. The campaign began with Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta on November 16 and ended with the capture of the port of Savannah on December 21. It inflicted significant damage, particularly to industry and infrastructure (per the doctrine of total war), and also to civilian property. • Sherman’s MarchThe name commonly given to the Savannah Campaignconducted through Georgia from November 15, 1864, to December 21, 1864, by Major GeneralWilliam Tecumseh Sherman of the Union Army in the American Civil War. Thecampaign began with Sherman's troops leaving the captured city of Atlanta onNovember 16 and ended with the capture of the port of Savannah on December 21.It inflicted significant damage, particularly to industry and infrastructure(per the doctrine of total war), and also to civilian property. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

20. The Civil War: 1861–1865 • state militiasA military force comprised of the entire able-bodied population of a state available to be called to arms. • states' rightsIn U.S. politics, a term that refers to political powers reserved for U.S.state governments rather than for the federal government. • The Battle of GettysburgA battle fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around thetown of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, resulting in the largest number ofcasualties in the American Civil War and often described as the war'sturning point. • Thirteenth AmendmentAn Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that officially outlaws slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. It was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864 and by the House on January 31, 1865, and adopted on December 6, 1865. • Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson(January 21, 1824–May 10, 1863) A Confederate general during the American Civil War, and one of the best-known Confederate commanders after General Robert E. Lee. • Trans-Mississippi TheaterAn area that comprised the major military and naval operations west of the Mississippi River. The area excluded the states and territories bordering the Pacific Ocean, which formed the Pacific coast theater of the American Civil War. • Ulysses S. Grant(Born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822–July 23, 1885) The 18th president of the United States (1869–1877) following his dominant role in the second half of the Civil War. • Ulysses S. Grant(Born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822–July 23, 1885) The 18th president of the United States (1869–1877) following his dominant role in the second half of the Civil War. • Union BlockadeAlso know as the "Blockade of the South"; took place between 1861 and 1865, during the American Civil War, when the Union Navy maintained a strenuous effort along the Atlantic and Gulf Coast of the Confederate States of America to prevent the passage of trade goods, supplies, and arms to and from the Confederacy. • Vicksburg CampaignA series of maneuvers and battles in the western theater of the American Civil War. These were specifically directed against Vicksburg, Mississippi, a fortress city that dominated the last Confederate-controlled section of the Mississippi River. • war-taxA direct charge levied on the population of a state utilized for some period of time to finance a war or conflict. • Western TheaterAn area defined both by geography and the sequence of campaigning in the Civil War. It originally represented the area east of the Mississippi River and west of the Appalachian Mountains. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

21. The Civil War: 1861–1865 • William S. Rosecrans(September 6, 1819–March 11, 1898) An inventor, coal-oil company executive, diplomat, politician, and U.S. Army officer. He gained fame for his role as a Union general during the American Civil War. He was the victor at prominent western theater battles, but his military career was effectively ended following his disastrous defeat at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1863. • William T. Sherman(February 8, 1820–February 14, 1891) An American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–1865). He received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the "scorched earth" policies that he implemented in conducting total war against the Confederate States. • William Tecumseh Sherman(February 8, 1820–February 14, 1891) An American soldier, businessman, educator, and author. He served as a general in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–1865) and received recognition for outstanding command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the scorched earth policies he implemented. • Zebulon B. Vance(May 13, 1830–April 14, 1894) Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, the 37th and 43rd Governor of North Carolina, and U.S. Senator. A prodigious writer, Vance became one of the most influential Southern leaders of the Civil War and postbellum periods. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com

22. The Civil War: 1861–1865 The blockade runner USS Banshee (1862), by R.G. Skerrett, 1899 The USS Banshee was among the blockade runners that attempted to evade the Union blockade of the Confederate coast. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Union blockade."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_blockadeView on Boundless.com

23. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Five-dollar and 100-dollar Confederate States of America banknotes Confederate currency, widely distributed during the war, ultimately lost all value. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Confederate States of America dollar."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America_dollarView on Boundless.com

24. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Cartoon map illustrating General Winfield Scott's plan to crush the Confederacy economically, 1861 This snake represents the Union blockade of Southern ports. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Anaconda Plan."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaconda_PlanView on Boundless.com

25. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Battle of Chancellorsville by Kurz and Allison Battle of Chancellorsville by Kurz and Allison depicts the wounding of Confederate Lt. Gen. Stonewall Jackson on May 2, 1863. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Battle of Chancellorsville."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Chancellorsville.pngView on Boundless.com

26. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Wilderness Church at Chancellorsville Wilderness Church at Chancellorsville was the center of a stand made by Union General Schurz's division after Confederates under Stonewall Jackson made a surprise flank attack. The stand was brief, as the Confederates smashed through and continued to roll up the Eleventh Corps (under the command of General Oliver O. Howard). Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."WildernessChurchChancellorsville1863."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WildernessChurchChancellorsville1863.jpgView on Boundless.com

27. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Grant and Bragg Portraits of Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (left) and Gen. Braxton Bragg (right), commanding generals of the Chattanooga Campaign Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Grant_and_Bragg.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattanooga_Campaign#/media/File:Grant_and_Bragg.jpgView on Boundless.com

28. The Civil War: 1861–1865 The "San Jacinto" Stopping The "Trent" The Trent Affair involved the illegal boarding of a British ship in an attempt to enforce the Union's blockade of the Confederacy. Britain reacted strongly and for a moment seemed likely to aid the Confederacy; however, tensions soon cooled. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Trent_and_San_Jacinto.jpg."CC BY-SA 3.0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trent_AffairView on Boundless.com

29. The Civil War: 1861–1865 The CSS Virginia The CSS Virginia was the Confederate's ironclad warship. It met with great success at the Battle of Hampton Roads despite being the target of most of the Union's firepower. It famously dueled with the USS Monitor, signaling the beginning of a new age of ironclad naval combat. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Confederate States Navy."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_NavyView on Boundless.com

30. The Civil War: 1861–1865 General Robert E. Lee General Lee had been offered the command of Union armies but declined when his home state of Virginia seceded. His superior generalship was an important factor in Confederate victories in the eastern theater. He was lionized as the embodiment of what had been most noble in the Confederacy. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Military of the Confederate States of America."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_the_Confederate_States_of_AmericaView on Boundless.com

31. The Civil War: 1861–1865 "Execution of the Thirty-Eight Sioux Indians" The last act associated with the Sioux Wars in 1862: after the Union Army defeated the attacking Dakota tribes, the tribes' leaders were tried and executed. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."American Old West."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Old_West%23Civil_War_in_the_WestView on Boundless.com

32. The Civil War: 1861–1865 General George B. McClellan General McClellan launched an invasion of Virginia, intending to take the Confederate capital of Richmond and bring an early end to the Civil War. The invasion failed, partly on account of McClellan's shortcomings, including credulity, passivity, and excessive caution. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."George B. McClellan."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_B._McClellanView on Boundless.com

33. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Picture of African-American infantry The 4th U.S. Colored Infantry. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com http://Wikipedia.CC BY-SAhttp://WikipediaView on Boundless.com

34. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Battle of Fredericksburg: The Army of the Potomac crossing the Rappahannock in the morning of December 13, 1862, under the command of Generals Burnside, Sumner, Hooker, and Franklin Due to the Union Army's logistical and bureaucratic delays, Lee's Army of Northern Virginia had set up well-fortified positions by the time of Burnside's attack. Burnside's troops came under heavy fire while trying to cross the Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Battle of Fredericksburg."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_FredericksburgView on Boundless.com

35. The Civil War: 1861–1865 States covered by the Emancipation Proclamation Areas covered by the Emancipation Proclamation are shown in red. Slaveholding areas not covered are shown in blue. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Emancipation Proclamation."CC BY-SA 3.0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_ProclamationView on Boundless.com

36. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Thaddeus Stevens, ca. 1863 Stevens was a leader among the Radical Republicans, supporters of emancipation. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Thaddeus Stevens."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaddeus_StevensView on Boundless.com

37. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Harriet Tubman Tubman was the first woman to lead an armed assault during the Civil War. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikimedia."Harriet Tubman."CC BY-SAhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Harriet_Tubman_by_Squyer,_NPG,_c1885.jpgView on Boundless.com

38. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Justin Smith Morrill The Morrill Tariff, named for Vermont Representative Justin Smith Morrill, was strongly opposed by the South. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."JSMorrill2."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:JSMorrill2.jpgView on Boundless.com

39. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Henry Louis Stephens emancipation watercolor Henry Louis Stephens's untitled watercolor (ca. 1863) of a man reading a newspaper with the headline, "Presidential Proclamation/Slavery." Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Emancipation Proclamation."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emancipation_ProclamationView on Boundless.com

40. The Civil War: 1861–1865 "Brooklyn Sanitary Fair, 1864." "Sanitary Fairs" were elaborate fundraisers for Union forces organized by the USSC. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Brooklyn Museum - Brooklyn Sanitary Fair - overall."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_Brooklyn_Sanitary_Fair_-_overall.jpgView on Boundless.com

41. The Civil War: 1861–1865 The Greenback bill issued by the United States during the Civil War The Union printed paper money, which was used in lieu of gold and silver, to finance the war. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."National Bank Act."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Bank_ActView on Boundless.com

42. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Portrait of Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase Chase oversaw the Union's financial strategy during the Civil War. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Salmon P.Chase."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salmon_P._ChaseView on Boundless.com

43. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Copperhead pamphlet from 1864 mocking President Abraham Lincoln The Copperhead Democrats strongly opposed emancipation and pressured Lincoln to make peace with the Confederacy. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Union (American Civil War)."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)View on Boundless.com

44. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Illustration of Confederate cabinet, Harper's Weekly, 1861 Front row, left to right: Judah P. Benjamin, Stephen Mallory, Alexander Stephens, Jefferson Davis, John Henninger Reagan, and Robert Toombs. Back row, standing left to right: Christopher Memminger and LeRoy Pope Walker. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Confederate States of America."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_AmericaView on Boundless.com

45. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Zebulon Baird Vance, ca. 1870s Zebulon Vance, Governor of North Carolina, challenged the central Confederate government. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Zebulon Baird Vance."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebulon_Baird_VanceView on Boundless.com

46. The Civil War: 1861–1865 "President Lincoln on Battle-Field of Antietam." President Lincoln visiting the Army of the Potomac at the Antietam battlefield, September 1862. Photo by Alexander Gardner. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Lincoln at Antietam."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lincoln_at_Antietam.jpgView on Boundless.com

47. The Civil War: 1861–1865 "Chattanooga from the North Bank of the Tennessee." Chattanooga viewed from the north bank of the Tennessee River, 1863. The Union Army pontoon bridge is shown on the left, Lookout Mountain at the right rear, and Chattanooga in the background. The small hill in front of Lookout Mountain is Cameron Hill, which was significantly flattened during twentieth-century development of the city. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Chattanooga from north bank."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chattanooga_from_north_bank.jpgView on Boundless.com

48. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Hooker's plan for the Chancellorsville Campaign One of a series of maps of the Battle of Chancellorsville of the American Civil War. This one depicts the plan of Maj. Gen. Joseph Hooker prior to the campaign. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Chancellorsville Hooker's Plan."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Chancellorsville_Hooker's_Plan.pngView on Boundless.com

49. The Civil War: 1861–1865 The Battle of Gettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg, PA. July 1—3, 1863. The battle was part of the American Civil War and was won by the North. Hand-colored lithograph by Currier and Ives. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Battle of Gettysburg, by Currier and Ives."Public domainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Gettysburg,_by_Currier_and_Ives.pngView on Boundless.com

50. The Civil War: 1861–1865 Map of Gettysburg Battle Overview map of the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg, July 3, 1863. Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.com Wikipedia."Gettysburg Battle Map Day3."CC BY-SAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gettysburg_Battle_Map_Day3.pngView on Boundless.com