1. Gender And Masculinity: A Discursive Approach This chapter first establishes the discursive approach to gender as the foundation for conceptualizing masculinities. Next, it introduces some recent conceptualizations of masculinities and the types of masculinities propagated within the Singapore context. Following that, it explores how advertisements produce and transfer meaning before looking at some of the masculinities present in the advertisements within men's lifestyle magazines. 2.1 Gender and Masculinity: A Discursive Approach Traditionally, the notion of "masculinity" has been tied to physical attributes of men: conceived as biologically determined, masculinity was considered a "fact of nature" which legitimized and perpetuated male power (Saco 1992:23; Stibbe 2004:32). However,...show more content... Within the field of gender, masculinity is a performance closely tied to power and identity. 2.1.2 "Masculinities" Given culture's effect on masculinity, Beynon (2001) cautions against regarding "masculinity" as "implying uniformity". Instead, he suggests considering masculinity as a "singular–plural" like "data", comprising a range of masculinities (2001:1–2). Despite the multiple definitions and types of masculinity, hegemonic masculinity is ever–present in various settings (Stibbe 2004:33). 2.1.2.1 Hegemonic Masculinity With multiple masculinities, certain masculinities are valued hierarchically over others. A hegemonic form of masculinity is most valued, whereas other masculine styles – such as the young, effeminate and homosexual – are subordinated (Hanke 1992:190; Connell 1998:5). Notably in relation to masculinity, femininity is relegated as ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...

3. Discursive Violence in Silko’s Yashtoah With the help of, or the lack thereof, written history has drastically changed oral tradition. In Leslie Marmon Silko's Storyteller, she tells her story and the story of her people. Oral tradition is essential to the Native American culture. These stories are handed down from generation to the next. The stories are sacred and those who know the stories are expected to protect the sanctity and validity of these stories. Silko invites the readers into the Laguna culture with the stories, including "Yashtoah", that give a glimpse of the values of the Laguna tribe. Without doubt, as these stories are passed down, some parts may be left out which is known as discursive violence. The transition from oral tradition to written history, entire cultures and their traditions can be lost or forgotten. With the use of syntax, natural images, punctuation, and the presence of surrealism, the "Yashtoah" story is an example of the discursive violence present in this text. The text offers a very simple and informal word choice. The syntax contributes to Silko's attempt to counter discursive violence. The use of everyday words assists in the validity of the story and how it is passed down from generation to generation. Also, the narrator uses native Indian vocabulary that also could be seen as countering discursive violence. Using vocabulary familiar to the tribe makes the communication between the storyteller and the audience easier. It also aids in the understanding of the story. ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...

5. Language Ideology And Power Rhetorical Analysis Language, Ideology and Power Essay Institutions have the power to foster particular kinds of identities to suit their own purposes. With reference to one or more institutional contexts, explain how power materialises in discourses. Introduction Language is the fundamental persuasive device. When we speak, we do not simply speak words but we discursively produce social identities, ideologies and power relations. This idea that language harnesses the performative power to construct ideological meanings and power structures in social contexts introduces the concept of discourse. Discourses are particularly slippery to define; according to Structuralist theories discourse is "language above the line" (Stubbs, 1983:1), that being, discourses...show more content... According to Halliday's Systemic Functional Theory (Halliday, 1976), language is a resource speakers use to achieve communicative goals. Halliday suggests the context of situation comprises of three components: the field (the purpose of the interaction), the mode (the form the discourse takes) and tenor (the participants in the discourse and their relationships). Context has a myriad of implications for the production and comprehension of discourse. It refers to structures of text and talk in a communicative situation, including setting, genre, participant(s) roles, social and institutional, as well as speaker attitudes and ideologies. These elements are pertinent in interview interaction. The interviewer and the interviewee orientate their language strategically to confer their individual communicative goals. In a political context, an interviewer's goal may be to covertly force an interviewee to admit deficiencies in their political stance/political ideologies. Conversely, the interviewee's goal may be win the persuasion of the viewing public – disallowing for the kind of interaction that would be detrimental to his/her career. The news interview is a decidedly asymmetrical interaction. Characteristic of the news interview is the discursive roles that interviewer and interviewee obey and comply to. Generally speaking, we expect ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...

7. Attitudes are one of the main themes in social psychology. The attitudes we hold allow us to express ourselves through our values and ideologies as well as comprehend people around us. We can make predictions about others' values from what they say and how they behave, this in turn reduces uncertainty and enables us to adapt and alter our behaviours in a socially desirable way (McKinlay and McVittie, 2009). Research surrounding the concept of attitudes comes from two distinct theoretical positions; the social cognition approach and the discursive approach. The mainstream cognitive approach regards attitudes as measurable entities through schemas and models, while the discursive psychology (DP) deals with written and spoken means of communication and has attempted to reorientate our perspective on attitude research. First, this essay will attempt to define attitudes from both spheres of thought and outline the guiding principles of each approach. Moreover, both approaches alongside their differing methodologies will be evaluated with reference to empirical research. Psychologists in both the cognitive and discursive field believe that attitudes are central to our understanding of human behaviour yet they differ in their definition of the concept. The cognitive approach builds upon a very operational understanding of attitudes, defining them as an "inner cognitive states" whereby a person may generate favourable or unfavourable thoughts and/or feelings towards a person, idea ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...

9. Argumentative Essay Quotes Cabute, Jeanette Anne H. BSIE–HE 4A Quotation: 1. "Nobody can go back and start a new beginning, but anyone can start today and make a new ending." –Maria Robinson Explanation: Our lives are full of ups and downs. Often we get so caught up with the downs in our lives that we fall into depression. We feel that everything in life is falling apart. You regret the choices you've made in the past and feel that you have failed in life. Understand that you cannot go back in time and undo choices you've made but that you can stop yourself from repeating the past by making smarter decisions so that you can have a better future. Reaction: Yes, our life is full of up and downs. We also cannot change the past, but we can make better things or choices...show more content... If we try new things we're going to make a few mistakes but we are learning from that mistake. If you don't make any mistakes, you're in a rut and not trying anything new. Mistakes are part of our lives, we cannot change it, and we just have to take the risk. Nothing is impossible if we try new things and nothing will lose if you try right. 4. "The heart has its reasons which reason knows not." –Blaise Pascal Explanation: The heart, the organ capable of storing love can also reason. Its reasoning makes all the sense in the world to the heart and to the heart's owner when the owner first hears it. It's the reasoning that makes you fall in love at first sight. It's the reasoning that somehow makes it so hard to let somebody go even though you have no logical reason to want that person to stay. Reaction: The quote means that you have to listen to your heart. Just like in love, you just only knew that you love that person but you don't know why. We fall in love in a mutual weirdness and called it love. 5. "When love is not madness it is not love." –Pedro Calderón de la Barca Explanation: The actual quote is when love is not madness, it is not love, and it is by Pedro Calderon. Love in its self is madness. Love brings to life so many different emotions that it is like a chaos in your ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...

11. Examples Of Discursive Essay Discursive Essay Basics Paragraph 1: Introduction Introduce the topic. Give some background about the situation in your country/area. Then mention the possible reasons for the situation. Crime is one of the most important issues ... In the last few years, crime has been going up/down. The most common crimes are ... The most worrying trend is the increase in ... One of the reasons for this is possibly the fact that unemployment has risen ... Another reason is that... Note: if you are 'for' something, put the arguments 'against' first. If you are 'against' something, put the arguments 'for' first. Paragraph 2: A list of arguments 'for7 Express the attitudes and reasons to support this point of view. Provide examples and facts where possible. (see Style below)...show more content... Provide examples and facts where possible. (see Style below) Paragraph 4: Conclusion Finally, give your own personal opinion about the topic. In my opinion. ... /All things considered. I believe that... Style In a discursive essay it is important to list the points of view of both sides of an argument as objectively as possible. Only in the conclusion can you express your own point of view. Notice the use of report structures (e.g. feel that), passives and formal linkers (e.g. moreover, furthermore) in the sentences below. Listing arguments: Many people feel that harder sentences should be brought back. The American system of 'three strikes and out' has supporters in Britain. Moreover, some people say that conditions in prisons are too soft.

12. There are arguments for the restoration of the death penalty. The wishes of victims' family and friends possibly need to be taken into account. There are arguments against harder sentences and capital punishment One of the arguments against longer prison sentence is that the prisons are already full. Other people disagree and think that prisons should reform ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...

14. Persuasive Essay On Success Have you ever been extremely discouraged or upset due to a failure and felt like giving up? Well guess what it's not the end of time and there will be another day and night. Bouncing back from a failure is all dependent on how the individual like me looks at the situation and how to deal with everything that comes with that territory. Admitting to a rejection or failure and embracing all the emotions and thoughts come in, is one of the first things a person should do in order to climb right back up. Success isn't entirely dependent on how perfect you are on the way up to the ladder of achievements it's how you never give up and gain experience from those failures. If you're lucky and able to achieve success, then your next goal is to take advantage of those failures and use them as experience to become even more successful. Getting hit with two failures back to back within the same two months was not pleasant for my the mind and soul. I had found out that I did not make the prestigious Wind Ensemble in the Broken Arrow High School band program, I made the 2nd highest band, which was a very big deal for me. I had also found out in august that I did not make the tennis team after being on the team for two years. My first reaction was denial and not knowing what to do with my emotions. Later on I had accepted my defeats, but I was so discouraged at this point that I didn't even care about anything anymore, I didn't want to practice or find any self–motivation it was all gone. ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...

16. The Power of Storytelling Essay examples Story telling is a uniquely human attribute. It is an imaginative process between the composer and responder that invites us, as the audience to engage vicariously with the experience of others. Stories or narratives have been shared in all culture as a mean of education, entertainment and also to notify the audience of the values and belief systems of our culture. The texts of 'Through the tunnel' and 'Green tomatoes at the Whistlestop Cafe' conspicuously highlight the ability of storytelling to empower the individual and outline storytelling as a device to inform us of values and people's transmission is able to transcend time. The power of storytelling can create connections between people and allow individuals to find their inner...show more content... Even though, jerry wants to be accepted and in control of his life, the harsh reality is Jerry's identity wants to be with his mother. Further throughout the story the tunnel is shown as the symbol of the story; letting the reader know that Jerry senses that it is the door to his identity. Additionally, the chronological structure is effective throughout the story in showing the process of growing up and an insight into Jerry's transformation. Moreover, the 3rd person omniscient narrator and formal register presents the character of Jerry and his mother in a distanced way and without a biased perspective. This suggests the sense of detachment and alienation that Jerry is starting to feel from his mother as he is growing up and wanting to make his own choices. The story is firstly introduced with a description of the mother carrying a bright striped purse. It was this and other uses of describing Jerry's surroundings with the use of bright colours symbolising jerry's childish world and thoughts. In addition, the thought of jerry's childish thoughts shows his struggle to establish his own identity. The author writes that Jerry goes swimming "over a region where rocks lay like discoloured monsters under the surface". The simile shows that even though Jerry wants to be independent and swim alone in the bay, he's terrified of being alone in the water and not seeing his mother again. Briefly, Jerry learns that you cannot ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...

18. The Discursive View Of Identity In alignment with one of the key points from the previous section, which denies the integral and unified account of identity, this section elaborates the discursive view of identity. In order to understand this shift in conceptualising identity, we will revisit the simple definition of identity from Longman dictionary (section 9.1.1). The later part of this definition, specifically, the second key phrase "different from other people" brings about the discussion of the discursive approach to identity. Departing from the essentialist viewpoint of identity as a stable core of self, later literatures have advocated a close relation between the processes of intersubjectivity and the crucial role of 'the others' in identity construction (Hall, 2000). As a nature of human beings, the process of identification is seen as a universal need to belong to a group, to reflect on others, thus define themselves and others. In other words, it is to say that identity is constructed through 'difference' and experienced by contrast (Benveniste, 2000). Specifically, "[i]n common sense language, identification is constructed on the back of recognition of some common origin or shared characteristics with another person or group, or with an ideal, and with the natural closure of solidarity and allegiance established on this foundation" (Hall, 2000:16). The common origin or shared characteristics here do not adhere to the essentialist viewpoint of identity as an identical and unchangeable stage of ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...

20. Tips for Writing a Discursive Essay Discursive Essay A discursive essay is an article that talks about a topic that is controversial in nature. This type of essay intends to present the issues both sides of the argument. However, it is important that the writer also explain why he has chosen to side with one argument and provide the logic behind it. Writing a discursive essay is a good way to develop the logical skills of the writer while maintaining a sound skill to anticipate the arguments of the other side and possibly counter it with the same logical explanation. Here are the ways to write a discursive essay: * Write the first paragraph. This one should be the introduction of the main topic that you want to serve as the argument platform. A discursive essay is...show more content... One of the techniques which can help you to achieve this effectively is the use of linking words. These words are usually used at the beginning of a new paragraph but can also be used to link ideas within a paragraph. Same line of thought e.g. – and, firstly, secondly etc., next, furthermore, likewise, in addition, similarly, also, moreover. Conclusion/summary e.g. – thus, therefore, consequently, accordingly, in retrospect, hence, in conclusion, in brief, as a result. Definite statement e.g. – without question, without doubt, unquestionably, absolutely. Contrasting idea e.g. – yet, on the other hand, nevertheless, however, although, conversely, otherwise, on the contrary. Further examples because, for instance, since, for example, so that, despite the fact that, accordingly, although, if, though, unless. Formal Tone in a Discursive Essay It is important when you write a discursive essay to write in a proper formal way. You should not use an informal style to write a discursive essay. In simple terms, this means the ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...

22. Examples Of Discourse Analysis Essay 2.0 Critical Discourse Analysis There has been much written in recent years about CDA in its broadest sense. It appears to be quite difficult to define in simple terms and this is probably due to the nature of CDA. It encompasses a number of general tenets and uses a large range of techniques. It aims primarily to identify socio– political inequalities that exist in society. Fairclough (1995b) provides us with a useful definition that encapsulates most other definitions of CDA: [CDA is the study of] often opaque relationships of causality and determination between (a) discursive practices, events and texts, and (b) wider social and cultural structures, relations and processes; to investigate how such practices, events and texts arise out of...show more content... 1995. 'Grammar in discourse: attitude and deniability', in G. Cook, and B. Seidlhofer, (eds.) Principle & Practice in Applied Linguistics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.197–213. Fairclough, N. 1989. Language and Power, London: Longman Fairclough, N. 1992. Discourse and Social Change, London: Polity Press Fairclough, Norman (1995a). Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language. London: Longman Fairclough, Norman (1995b). Media Discourse. London: Edward Arnold Langer, R. 1998. 'The concept of discourse in the analysis of complex communication events' [Online], http://www.diskurs.dk/litteratur/pdf/artikler/Langer,%20Roy_The%20concept%20of %20discourse%20in%20the%20analysis_IKL–paper%201998.pdf (accessed 26th January 2015). Caldas–Coulthard, C.R. and M. Coulthard, (eds.) 1996 Texts and Practices: Readings in Critical Discourse Analysis, London: Routledge. Krishnamurthy, R. 1996. 'Ethnic, racial and tribal: the language of racism?' in C.R. Pennycook, A. 1994. 'Incommensurable Discourses?' in Applied Linguistics, Vol.15, No.2, pp.115–138. Oxford University Press. Widdowson, H.G. 1995. 'Discourse analysis: a critical view.' in Language and Literature 4,

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25. The Power of Language Essay examples The Power of Language Language plays an important role in communication by bringing people together and enriching their relationships. Language can also alienate those who do not speak it properly, or at all, from those who do. The essays, Mother Tongue, by Amy Tan, best known for her book, The Joy Luck Club, and Se Habla Espanol, by Tanya Barrientos, delve into the many powers that language holds. These essays reflect how by not speaking a language in proper form and by not speaking a language at all, affects the lives of the subjects of the stories. People who can speak a certain language, but only in 'broken' form, are generally looked down upon by native language speakers. In her writing, Mother Tongue, Amy Tan writes about her...show more content... However, many Hispanic families were and in some cases, still are viewed as lower–class citizens. According to Barrientos, "To me, speaking Spanish translated into being poor. It meant waiting tables and cleaning hotel rooms. It meant being left off the cheerleading squad and receiving a condescending smile from the guidance counselor when you said you planned on becoming a lawyer or a doctor" (561). They are not respected in a lot of communities, they live dirty, and they have bad jobs. These stereotypes are reasons why Barrientos did not want to be called Mexican and never wanted to learn Spanish. If diversity had been celebrated when Barrientos was a child, as it is celebrated and honored now, she would have grown up speaking Spanish and being proud of her heritage. Children are very impressionable and tend to take on others' opinions as their own, but as they grow older, they develop a greater understanding and perspective of the way things are and the way they should be. As adults, both Tan and Barrientos learned to accept and embrace the languages that previously embarrassed them. Barrientos immersed herself in her Mexican heritage and enrolled in many Spanish classes. With each enrollment, she faced yet another stereotype that came with being of Mexican ethnicity; her instructors thought she should already know Spanish since she was Latina. Barrientos is now determined to learn her native language. Tan has learned to love the way in ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...

27. Persuasive Essay On Freedom Of Speech Freedom of speech in America is defined by the right to express any opinions without any censorship or restraint. But it isn't just defined by the words people speak aloud. It's the actions they take part in to support the words they express. The writing of books and essays, creating artwork, giving speeches to grand crowds, voting, protesting. But do all people have the right to speak their mind? Should people be able to speak freely, to express opinions and thoughts, as promised in the United States constitution? A controversial topic, with many different opinions weighing in from around the world. Speech is expression of thoughts, through many different actions. Some include writing, artwork, speeches, protests. On occasion in speaking...show more content... With all these truths, and the freedom to speak them, comes the question of who should hold the power and ability to speak their minds. In the United States, our society believes everyone should have the right to freedom of speech, to voice thoughts and opinions. Written down in the constitution is the promise to citizen rights, to all peoples who want to exercise those rights. "It was we the people; not we, the white male citizens," who built up our nation and society, and the promise to freedom of speech (Anthony, par. 4). Women, children, teens, those of color should all be able to speak freely, to give shape to the opinions they hold like all the empowered men that speak freely. Not all governments and nations feel the same about this. In Singapore, they have their "own standards of social order as reflected in [their] laws" (Reyes, par. 3). Different nations feel differently about human rights and laws as presented by the United States, including freedom of speech, whether it is safe for everyone to speak their minds or just best to keep it to those who are fed lies from those of a higher position. With freedom of speech can come violence, a common reason for nations and governments to deny this right. Some societies, such as Singapore, agree that by enforcing certain laws that abide the government keep said nation "orderly and relatively crime–free" (Reyes, par. 3). Freedom of speech can also mean ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...

29. Discursive essay Discursive essay (1): a balanced argument Key success factors being able to construct an argument being able to link points together in a logical sequence using appropriate discourse markers to connect, contrast, and balance points ANALYSING A MODEL TEXT Text–messaging is an important ifI– advance in communication – or is it? a You have been asked to write the following essay: " '1 . ' " ] . . :–".. /7.– .: ...; .:–: ";"~,:,.,... 'Just think of it as if you 're reading a long text–message: Text–messaging is an important advance in communication – or is it? With a partner, discuss three reasons you think text messaging represents an important advance in communication and three reasons why it...show more content... 3 To sum up, although text messages are a cheap and useful way of communicating, they have arguably led to young people being less able to express themselves correctly in writing. On balance, I believe that text messaging does not represent an advance in communication. ~MultiROM WRITING Introductions and conclusions

30. In an essay it is important that the introduction engages the reader 's attention. It should introduce the topic, but should not include the specific points that you are going to mention in the body of the text. A good introductory paragraph describes the present situation and gives supporting evidence. It should refer to the statement or question you have been asked to discuss. This can often be done in the form of a question to the reader which the subsequent paragraphs should answer. The conclusion should briefly sum up the arguments you have made, and can include your personal opinion. The opinion you express should follow logically from the arguments you have presented. USEFUL LANGUAGE d Complete the missing words. Some (but not all) are in the model essay. Expressing the main points in an argument [±J texting allows us to 1 The greatest b is that communicate instantly 2 First and most im '_ with other people. EJ 3 One ""d of texting people to use texts as an excuse to get out of ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...

32. Descriptive Essay On Dystopia Dystopian Setting The city that once had homed thousands and been the most economically successful country ever, was now a contaminated wasteland. The land looked dry, destroyed and lonely. The morning breeze felt like crying sorrows, and the grey deceitful sky awed down at us. In the deepest corner of despair lies dystopia where hope dies. As someone looks through the eyes of the devil, they see his utopia. Only visible by the dim light of the moon was the great wall. Beyond the wall? No one knew. Stretching away from the wall was a humongous bridge that towered the wall. Standing tall on the bridge was a tower, which had two circles that almost looked like eyes. Those mysterious, creepy and dangerous looking eyes stared down at the city giving away a haunting look. The reek of death hangs in the air throughout the land. Filling the mouths of those who lived in this abandoned land was the taste of burnt garlic. The screams and cries of terror undistinguishable between beast and human fill the ears of the last ones living. The sky, which was lit by the glow of fires, is grey and empty. Decaying bodies and...show more content... As I walked, the air of this haunted, dreadful and sorrowful land had sucked the life out of everything and roared as humanity began to disappear. As I carried on walking, I noticed that the small fraction of light was getting smaller and smaller, until it had been engulfed into a think black ash like smoke. Aggressively, the wind walked past the building with its cruddy feeling, blowing away all signs of life. Deeper and deeper into the land was a burning car door. The fire roared and crackled. The roaring and crackling of the burning car door merged with the aggressive air and created the loudest sounds ever heard on land. Growing darker, the skies made me feel nauseous. The fear of not waking up if a human fell asleep towered ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...

34. Football Discursive Essay Higher Folio – Discursive Essay– Jamie Smith The sport with the Midas touch Will football one day be played with balls made from gold? At its current rate, anything could happen, but it would have to have a few brand logos stapled to it first. Advertising is a huge part of today's society and today, we are engulfed by a cosmetic world of advertising, playing with our opinions like a child with their toys on Christmas; they can make us think how they want us to think. Now this world has taken over the Beautiful Game too and it's going full speed to the centre of it. In stadiums, advertising boards surround the pitch, using bright animations to get crowd's attention; while on TV screens, companies have huge sponsorships with the major competitions like major bank Barclays partnership with England's Premier League that lasted fifteen years up until the current season. Naming rights, like the Emirates F.A Cup, a historic 100–year–old trophy, now named after an Asian airline company create this image of history being taken over by commercialism, a metaphor for the new football. Stadiums to Parks; Arenas to Lanes; Coliseums to Fields. A football team is associated with their home. It's where the fans pile in week in week out, friends and families alike. It's where they live their Saturday afternoons and where they worship their heroes on the pitch. It's a social hub and a sanctuary. But where is the Kia nightclub or the Betfred Mosque. With almost half the stadiums in the ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...

36. Examples Of Discursive Psychology 1.6.3: Discursive psychology: The social constructionist forms of discourse analysis have been developed in the field of social psychology. Discourse analysis has become one of the most social constructionist approaches within social psychology. Discursive psychology treats written and spoken language as constructions of the world oriented towards social action. Language shapes social world. It constructs identities and social relations and helps in understanding the world. Language is a dynamic form of social practice. Discursive psychology draws partly on Ludwig Wittgenstein's later philosophy in which it emphasized that claims about psychological states should be treated as social activities instead of as manifestations of deeper 'essences'...show more content... In the former text, Potter develops a systematic account of the way versions are built as objective, as mere descriptions of actions or events. This addresses the question of how speakers manufacture the credibility of versions, and how this building can be challenged and undermined. Taking the example of attitudes again, this work considers the way in which versions can be produced to generate evaluations as features of the objects and events rather than positions or dispositions of speakers. This is clearly a key task when talk is about delicate or controversial topics, where motives and dispositions may be closely inspected. Thus constructing a version of a minority group that simultaneously produces negative characteristics (e.g. involvement with sexual violence) combined with a display of 'sympathetic' motivation toward that group (perhaps drawing on one of the culture repertoires discussed above) can work to avoid being seen as having racist attitudes. It should be noted the way the relationship between 'mind' and 'the world' is reworked here in the talk. One of the achievements of Discursive psychology has been to highlight how crucial this relationship as a practical feature of interaction. People construct versions of the world that have implications for their own disposition and thoughts; ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...

38. Examples Of Discourse Analysis A. Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis (1989, 1995) 1. This theory is used to critically analyze relationship between language, ideologies, and society to reveal the portrayal of women in the film. 2. Fairclough (1995) clarifies that discourse is not only written and spoken language, but it also visual part that has meaning (p.54). 3. According to Fairclough (2010), in Critical Discourse Analysis, language is viewed as a social practice because it shapes and is shaped by society. 4. According to Fairclough (1989, 1995), Critical Discourse Analysis is used to analyze communicative events by analyzing the relationship between three dimensions, including the micro dimension, the meso dimension, and the macro dimension. a. The micro dimension...show more content... Related previous studies A. The first research entitled "The representation of gender roles in the media – An analysis of gender discourse in Sex and the City movies " was constructed by Therese Ottosson and Xin Cheng in 2012. 1. The aim was to study to see how gender is portrayed in the movies, Sex and The City season 1 and 2. 2. The theories that used in the study were theories of representation and Critical Discourse Analysis. 3. The results showed that, gender roles are unequally represented in SATC1 and SATC2. a. Men are always portrayed in a typical manner and have a superiority. b. Women are presented as subordinate role. They must be beautiful and look young as much as possible and work for men. B. The second research entitled "Women's representation and gender identity in "Desperate Housewives" was conducted by Eveliina Salomaa in 2010. 1. The aim was to study how women are portrayed in "Desperate Housewives" and how the modern women have similar identities as traditional housewives. 2. The theories used for research were Critical Discourse Analysis and Gender Identity. 3. The result showed that, at the surface level, women are portrayed in "Desperate Housewives" is much different from other TV–series, however, in deep level, women still similar to the norms and traditional ...Get more content on HelpWriting.Net...