Warm Up/Homework

1. Warm Up/Homework • What is the difference between structure and function? • Homework: QUIZ on Vocabulary from pages 60-75 IB Word of the Week: “THINKER” Can you connect what you thing you know

2. What is the difference between structure and function? • Structure makes reference to how something is made (materials its made of/how it looks • Function makes reference to what a particular thing DOES! Function is the item job or role

3. Cells S7L2 Students will describe the structure and function of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. . b. Relate cell structures (cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, mitochondria) to basic cell functions. c. Explain that cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into systems, and systems into organisms. d. Explain that tissues, organs, and organ systems serve the needs cells have for oxygen, food, and waste removal.

4. Cells • All Living things have certain characteristics: • Use Energy • Cellular Organization • Unicellular or Multicellular • Contain Similar Chemicals • Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids

5. Cells: Its Alive! • Grow and Develop • Development is the process of change that occurs during an organisms life, makes a more complex organism • Respond to Their Surroundings • Stimulus • Response • Can Reproduce

6. Cells • There are some basic needs that all living things have: • Energy • Autotroph: an organism that makes its own food • Heterotroph: an organism that can not make its own food • Water • Living Space • Stable Internal Conditions • Homeostasis: the maintenance of stable internal conditions despite the changes in the surroundings.

7. Cell Theory: All living things are made up of cells Cells are the basic unit and structure and function of all living things All cells are produced by other cells. Spontaneous Generation: The mistaken idea that living things arise from nonliving sources. Cells

8. Cells: Its Alive! • What is the difference between the Cell Wall and the Cell Membrane? • Cell Wall • Cell Membrane

9. Cells: Its Alive! • What is the function of the cell wall? • The cell wall has a rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cell of plants and some other organisms. • The cell wall helps protect the cell and give it structure and support.

10. Cells: Its Alive! • What is the Cell Membrane? • In some organisms, once you pass through the cell wall there next structure is the cell membrane. • The cell membrane is the “gatekeeper” of the cell; it regulates what materials enter and exit the cell.

11. Describe the Cell Membrane • Cell membranes contain lipids, proteins and phospholipids. • Some of the proteins and lipids control the movement of items in or out of the cell • Cell membrane has 2 layers of lipids • Hydrophobic- inner part, contain lipid tails that are “water fearing” • Hydrophilic- Phospholipid head “water loving”

12. Cells: Its Alive! • What significant role does the nucleus play? • The nucleus is the “control center” of the cell; or perhaps the “brain” of the cell. • The nucleus directs all the activities of the cell. • The nucleus is also where genetic material can be found. (DNA an RNA)

13. Explain the structure of the Nucleus • The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that contains the cell’s DNA. DNA contains the information on how to make a cell’s proteins. • Messages for how to make proteins are copied from the DNA. These messages are then sent out of the nucleus through the membranes. • The nucleus is covered by two membranes. Materials cross this double membrane through pores.

14. Ribosomes • Organelles that make proteins are called ribosomes. Unlike most organelles, ribosomes are not covered by a membrane. • Proteins are made of organic molecules called amino acids. All cells need proteins to live. All cells have ribosomes.

15. Endoplasmic Rectiuculum • The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a system of folded membranes in which proteins, lipids, and other materials are made. • The ER is part of the internal delivery system of the cell. Substances move through the ER to different places in the cell.

16. Endoplasmic Rectiuculum • Endoplasmic reticulum is either rough ER or smooth ER. • The part of the ER covered in ribosomes is rough ER. • ER that lacks ribosomes is smooth ER.

17. What is the function and structure of the Mitochondria • A mitochondrion is the organelle in which sugar is broken down to produce energy. Mitochondria are the main power source of a cell. • Mitochondria are covered by two membranes, as shown at right.

18. What is the function of Chloroplast • Chloroplasts are organelles in plant and algae cells in which photosynthesis takes place. • Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and algae use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make sugar and oxygen.

19. Chloroplasts • Chloroplasts are covered by two membranes, as shown at right.

20. Describe the function of the Golgi Complex • The organelle that packages and distributes proteins is called the Golgi complex. The Golgi complex modifies lipids and proteins to do different jobs.

21. Golgi Complex • Final products are enclosed in a piece of the Golgi complex membrane, which pinches off to form a small bubble.