Some problems of extraction, transport and use

1. Development of Renewable Energy in Russia Some problems of extraction, transport and use

2. Lectured by: • Znamenskaya Irina. • Professor of Physics and Mathematics. • Doctor of science. • Moscow State Lomonosov UniversityDepartment of Physics.

3. Znamenskaya Irina. Scientific biography • 1976 grad. from Moscow State Lomonosov University Department of Physics. • 1976 -1980 Postgraduate study MSU. • 1980 – Ph.D MSU Department of Physics. •  1981-1985 Kurchatov Institute of Nuclear Energy.  •  1985-2001 Moscow State Aviation University.  •  2000 Doctor's degree in MSU (in Mechanics of fluids and plasma) •  2001 Professor •   2001- 2008 Moscow State Lomonosov University, Department of Physics, Chair of molecular physics. Head of Lab of plasma-gas dynamics. •   Scientific and teaching areas: supersonic flows; gas plasma flows visualization; gas discharges; natural sciences conceptions.

4. Moscow State Lomonosov University http://www.msu.ru

5. Moscow State Lomonosov University Established in 1755. Lomonosov Mikhail

6. Moscow State Lomonosov University http://www.msu.ru/ 40 000 undergraduates 2 000 international students and postgraduates The University campus in Moscow covers 205.7 hectares.

7. Moscow State Lomonosov UniversityDepartment of Physics 2,480 students Over 100 full professors

8. MSU ProfessorsThe Nobel Prize in Physics 1958 1962 1964 1978 2003

9. What is Renewable Energy Sources? RES definitions…

10. RES definitions For children Wikipedia:Renewable energy is energy, generated from natural resourses—such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides and geothermal heat -which are renewable (naturally replenished).

11. RES definitions Law of Russian Federation of 03/04/1996 ”On enegy efficiency” • “Energy of Sun, wind, earth heat, natural water currents and also energy of natural existing temperature gradients”.

12. RES definitionsLaw of Russian Federation of 04/11/2007 Renewable Energy is : • Energy of Sun, • Energy of wind, • Energy of water (including energy of sewage), exept nuclear station sewage • Tide energy, energy of waves, rivers, seas, oceans; • Geothermal energy with use of natural underground hear transfer • Thermal energy of the earth, air, water with use of special heat-carriers, • Biomass including specially grown plants, including trees, and also production wastes and consumption, except for a waste received after use of hydrocarbonic raw materials and fuel, • Biogas • Gas allocated with production wastes and consumption on dumps of such waste, • Gas formed on coal workings out.

13. Geographic position 60 latitude  Permafrost zone Arctic Circle Moscow region in winter

14. Polar night Small angle

15. Heating is the basic consumer of energy of any house in Russia.

16. Traditional Renewable Energy sources in Russia

17. Traditional Renewable Energy in Russia The Russian furnace of a traditional design has shown the efficiency equal of 68 %, that is comparable to efficiency of modern is firm-fuel thermal power station. And in the Russian furnace with the bottom warming up efficiency of use of fuel reaches 80 %! strobilas

18. New RES definition: • “Biomass including specially grown plants, including trees”

19. Non - Renewable Energy sources in Russia Oil 12% Gas 33% Coal 14%

20. Energy sources in Russia • Very little, about 1 % - power on the basis ofnonconventional renewed energy sources. • The fuel balance of Russia is first of all gas for which account half of all energy is provided.

21. Acceleration of development RES in Russia demands overcoming of barriers: • psychological (we have enough gas and oil), • economic (it is expensive, it is necessary for regions), • legislative (no financial and tax privileges), • organizational-administrative (absence of federal and regional plans), • information (weak awareness of a society on RES, depreciation tendencies, world experience),

22. Renewable Energy sources in Russia • One of the problemsof development nonconventional renewable energy in Russia is connected with shortcoming of necessary legislative base.

23. Renewable Energy sources in Russia – were? Share of nonconventional renewable energy sources in Russia in 2006 has reached an order 991 billion of kw-h, - less than 1 %, (insignificant). Still there are regions in which already now it is possible to develop renewed nonconventional power actively. • Northern coastal regions, where a more potential for development wind energy sources; • Southern - lot of sun; • Regions where there are possibilities for water-power engineering development. Regions where there are many rivers, including small, and, accordingly, possibilities for water-power engineering development.

24. Tidal power station Gulf Stream The first tidal power station TPS in Russia has started to work in 1968 in the White sea. 2 new TPS are planned – in Wite sea and in Ohotckoe sea Tidal station Ice Permafrost zone Northern polar circle

25. Tidal station new turbine The Know-how of the modernised station - the unique orthogonal turbine which was not applied in water-power engineering. The turbine rotor always rotates in one direction irrespective of a direction of a power stream. Application of an orthogonal rotor reduces an expense for station operation approximately on 30 %.

26. Mobility assumes essentially new tactics in power: the station is under construction in the area where it will not maintain.They are deliver on a tow to the objects requiring developed energy. Kislogubskaya station (a ferro-concrete design in length of 36 m, 18,3 and height 15,35) was constructed by width in dock near Murmansk and then has been towed off for 100 km in the Kislaya Guba.

27. The world's first floating nuclear power plant - the Akademik Lomonosov Development of a normal power infrastructure is interfered by a permafrost and low population density in the far northern area. The plant will house two 35 MW KLT-40S nuclear reactors, similar to those used in Russia's nuclear powered ice breakers, and two generators, and will be capable of supplying a city of 200,000 people. Originally destined for the Archangelsk industrial shipyard in northwest Russia, the Akademik Lomonosov will cost an estimated six billion roubles ($232 million) to build.

28. Floating nuclear power plants Rosatom is also planning to construct seven further floating nuclear power plants in addition to the one now under construction. Five of these will be used by Gazprom for offshore oil and gas field development and for operations on the Kola and Yamal peninsulas. One is planned for 2012 commissioning at Pevek on the Chukotka peninsula, another for Kamchatka region, both in the far east of the country. Further far east sites being considered are Yakutia and Taimyr. Russia also hopes to export the floating units to other countries for electricity and seawater desalination, operating for 15 years before returning to Russia for defuelling and maintenance.

29. Most high-temperature geothermal fields used as a base for geothermal power plants are located in tectonically mobile belts of the earth crust characterized with recent volcanic activity. In Russia such area are Kamchatka Peninsula with the present installed capacity of GeoPs of 73 MW and 6 MW respectively. Geothermal resources In 1966 the first GeoPS Pauzhetsky has started to work in the USSR. 2GeoPS, constructed in 116 km from Petropavlovsk-Kamchatka, give to 30 % of all electric power of area. Prognostic GeoPP capacity in Kamchatka is evaluated as 1250 MW (according to estimation of thermal energy in reservoirs).

30. Oil - renewable energy source? Inorganic oil origin

31. 2 points of view on origin of oil. • organic origin of oil according: oil was formed of the rests of animals and plants, • mineral origin: synthesis of oil in the nature from inorganic connections. Inorganic oil origin

32. Kola Peninsula Superdeep Borehole:Inorganic oil origin? The super deep well SG-3, 12 262 m deep in the Kola Peninsula, Russia, is currently the deepest drilled hole in the world.

33. Baikal. Summer 2008 • Deep-operating vehicles “Mir-1" and “Mir-2" during immersing have laid down on a bottom of Baikal on depth of 1580 metres • According to participants of expedition, oil on Baikal exudes from tectonic cracks. • From a bottom of Baikal in its waters annually arrives about four tons of oil. This oil is absorbed by the microorganisms living on Baikal, therefore it does not extend on lake and is localized.

34. Solar energy in Russia Sun radiation map in summer

35. Solar batteries • In Russia - 5 000 square meters home solar batteries Southern solar station Vladivostok “ecohouse”

36. International Space Station (ISS)

37. Solar cell panels for tourism

38. Solar station project • Microwave beam • Planned total capacity of stations will be equal 1,5-4,5 GV, and total capacity at the consumer on the Earth - 0,75-2,25 GW.

39. Wind Power Wind recourses in Russia Russia possesses one of the greatest resources of wind energy in the world.

40. WPS under constraction in far North (Anadir) Total capacity of all wind stations is only 15 Мw.

41. Conclusions There are regions in Russia were it is effective way to develop renewed power energy stations. • Northern coastal regions, where a more potential for development wind energy sources; • Southern - a lot of sun; • Regions where there are possibilities for tide and water-power engineering development. Regions where there are many rivers, including small, and, accordingly, possibilities for water-power engineering development.

42. Thank you for Your kind attention!