 
                
                E N D
1. 12 September 2002 Presentation toSeminar on Financial CrisesKreditilsynet Andrew Gracie
Bank of England 
2. 12 September 2002 Outline 
4. 12 September 2002 Banks intermediate between savers and borrowers - SMEs, personal sector
Financial crises impose high costs because of spillover effects 
6. 12 September 2002 Relevant Factors Exchange rates
Deregulation
Monetary Policy
Asset Prices 
7. 12 September 2002 Banks better capitalised 
8. 12 September 2002 
9. 12 September 2002 Banks better capitalised
Risk dispersed
 
10. 12 September 2002 
11. 12 September 2002 Banks better capitalised
Risk dispersed
Risk diversified
 
12. 12 September 2002 
13. 12 September 2002 Risk dispersed
Risk concentrated
 
14. 12 September 2002 
15. 12 September 2002 
16. 12 September 2002 
17. 12 September 2002 Disclosure
 
18. 12 September 2002 
19. 12 September 2002 Disclosure 
20. 12 September 2002 Basel II
risk sensitivity
securitisation
Pillar 3
procyclicality
 
21. 12 September 2002 Exacerbated by two elements The extent of the late 1990s bubble
Adjustment to low inflation environment 
22. 12 September 2002 General insurance - effect of disasters and asset prices
Life insurance - returns on equities    - guarantees
Pension funds                                       - equity prices and false expectations                                 - contribution holidays 
23. 12 September 2002 
24. 12 September 2002 
25. 12 September 2002 
26. 12 September 2002 2001
Mutuals: Equities 48% Fixed interest 32%  Other/property - same
Nonbank: Equities 41% Fixed Interest 38%
Banks: 44%
Foreign: 36%2001
Mutuals: Equities 48% Fixed interest 32%  Other/property - same
Nonbank: Equities 41% Fixed Interest 38%
Banks: 44%
Foreign: 36% 
27. 12 September 2002 Capital market impact
Ownership
(In)direct exposures 
28. 12 September 2002 Importance of official initiatives
risk proofing: Basel II, CLS, FSAP
risk monitoring: FSF, FSAP
crisis management: LCFI fact-book