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Monday, 8/30/10

Monday, 8/30/10. Good Morning! Please put your maps in the back table to be laminated. Make sure your name is on all three! Get out your notebooks! I’ll be checking for them. The Enlightenment-

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Monday, 8/30/10

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  1. Monday, 8/30/10 • Good Morning! Please put your maps in the back table to be laminated. Make sure your name is on all three! Get out your notebooks! I’ll be checking for them. • The Enlightenment- • Briefly summarize your knowledge about the Enlightenment period and the impact it has had on forming our modern world.

  2. Pre-Enlightenment • Middle Ages-death, illiteracy, war • Renaissance- art, literature, Catholic Church • Reformation-Printing press, questioning church • Scientific Revolution-logic and reason

  3. What Characterizes the Enlightenment? • The belief that logic and reason could explain everything • The emphasis of natural rights • Secularism • Individualism • Faith in man’s ability to find an explanation for everything • Toleration • Legal Reform

  4. The Philosophes French writers of the Enlightenment: questioned social traditions, the Church and absolutism. Salons: wealthy gathered to discuss enlightenment ideas

  5. Back to Newton… -Newton applied logic and reason to science -Philosophes believed you could apply logic and reason to other aspects of life.

  6. Denis Diderot (1713-1784)

  7. Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) • Social Contract: ruler needs total control to keep order • Absolute monarchy: impose order and demand obedience • Man was selfish and wicked

  8. John Locke (1632-1704)

  9. Natural Rights: life, liberty and property Purpose of government to protect these rights; if not people should overthrow govn’t. Foundation of modern democracy Natural Rights

  10. Toleration Critical of organized religion Believed in Deism (God is creator but non-interferring) “I may not agree with what you say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.” Voltaire (1694-1778)

  11. The Spirit of the Laws (1748) Separation of political power ‘checks and balances’ The Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)

  12. The Social Contract (1762) All people are equal; abolish nobility Government should be guided by free will and general consent of the people “Man is born free; and everywhere he is in chains” Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778)

  13. On Crimes and Punishments (1764) -Laws existed to preserve social order, not avenge crimes -all should receive a speedy trial without torture -the degree of punishment based on severity of crime Cesare Beccaria (1738-1794)

  14. The Wealth of Nations (1776) Adam Smith (1723-1790)

  15. Smith’s View of the Economy • Self-interest-work for your own good • Competition-forces people to make a better product • Supply and Demand-goods at low price to meet need • Laissez-faire “the invisible hand” • Role of the government

  16. Women • Mary Astell, “ If absolute sovereignty be not necessary in a state, how come it be so in a family? …If all men are born free, how is it that all women are born slaves?” • Influenced Mary Wollstonecraft: • Argued for women’s right to education • Urged women in fields of medicine and politics • Her daughter Mary wrote “Frankenstein”

  17. Pair Up: Read pgs. 24-27 and answer questions (each person should write their own answer but discuss it with your partner) • What role did the Catholic church play in the Enlightenment movement? • What issues did the Philosophes raise about justice and criminal punishment? • How did Enlightenment thinkers view the ideas of divine right and absolute rulers?

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