___ 1. ocean ___ 2. sorrow ___ 3. communication ___ 4. Earth ___ 5. beauty ___ 6. beauty

1. Remember that a concrete noun names a person, place, or thing that can be sensed with one of the five senses. An abstract noun names an idea or quality and cannot be sensed with one of the five senses. Directions: write C for concrete and A for abstract. ___ 1. ocean ___ 2. sorrow ___ 3. communication ___ 4. Earth ___ 5. beauty ___ 6. beauty ___ 7. justice ___ 8. ability ___ 9. bracelet ___ 10. belief

2. A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought and contains a subject (noun) and a predicate (verb). Without a noun and verb, it is a fragment. Examples: Ramon ran to the store. (sentence) Ran to the store. (fragment) Directions: write S for sentence or F for fragment. ___ 1. Kim took her driving test yesterday. ___ 2. She failed. ___ 3. Will take it again next month. ___ 4. She is extremely disappointed. ___ 5. Practice makes perfect. ___ 6. Making left-hand turns.

3. Directions: Turn the following fragments into sentences. 1. the chicken in your salad __________________ _________________________________________ 2. from one place to another _________________ _________________________________________ 3. the soccer ball in the goal __________________ _________________________________________ 4. with my mother _________________________ _________________________________________ 5. to pick up some milk ______________________ _________________________________________

4. Directions: Make these simple sentences more complex with more details. 1. The ship sank. _______________________________________ 2. Traffic was heavy. _______________________________________ 3. We ate dinner. _______________________________________ 4. Trees fell. _______________________________________

5. Directions: Write a sentence using each of the dependent clauses below. • After we met _______________________________________ 2. Although it is raining _______________________________________ 3. Which is a waste of time _______________________________________ 4. While I played guitar _______________________________________

6. Directions: A proper noun names a particular person, place, or thing. Read the following sentences. Circle the letters that should be capitalized. 1. my older sister, amy, and i went out to dinner on my birthday. 2. my mother took our cat, bentley, to the veterinarian. 3. joeused mom’s car to pick up kenny. 4. should i go with the russells to soccer practice? 5. irinaand i baked a cake for elizabeth’s party.

7. Directions: Write the type of sentence on the line and add the punctuation. ___ 1. Where have you been ___ 2. Ouch That hurts ___ 3. My neighbor gave me a ride school ___ 4. Take the cat off the counter right now ___ 5. Please bring your books to class on Monday

8. Directions: Proofreading is important. Correct the writing mistakes in each sentence. • Star didn’t want to walk all the way over their because she had alot of books to carry. _____________________________________ • Chris wants to be a chef when he goes up so tha he can make people happy and healthy. ____________________________________ • So many students want to go into the music industry to make lots of monies. like all the celebrities they see on TV. _____________________________________

9. There means a place.Their shows ownership.They’re means they are.Directions: Write a sentence correctly using each form of there, their, and they’re. • __________________________________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________________________

10. Use a comma to join 2 independent clauses by a comma and a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, for, nor, so). Example: Road construction can be inconvenient, but it is necessary.Directions: Put a comma where it needs to go in each sentence below. • The new house has a large fenced backyard so I am sure our dog will enjoy it. • Our class is the best in the school but we still get in trouble some times. • We all have to be home by twelve so our ride is coming at 11:30. • I don’t want to do my homework but I need to pass the class.

11. Use a comma after an introductory phrase, prepositional phrase, or dependent clause. Example: To get a good grade, you must complete all your assignments. Directions: Put a comma where it needs to go in each sentence below. 1. After the concert the teenagers went to the after party. 2. Because Dad caught the chicken pox we canceled our vacation. 3. To be on the football team you must be passing all of your classes. 4. Although it was raining we still went on the trip.

12. Use a comma to separate elements in a series. Example: On her vacation, Lisa visited Greece, Spain, and Italy. Directions: Put a comma where it needs to go in each sentence below. • My schedule is good this year I have Art Gym English Foods and Astronomy. • In their speeches, many of the candidates promised to help protect the environment, bring about world peace, and end world hunger. • Cooking can be a real pain because you have to go to the store buy the food cook the food and serve the food.

13. Use a comma between coordinate adjectives (adjectives that are equal and reversible). Example: The irritable, fidgety child waited for ice cream. Directions: Put a comma where it needs to go in each sentence below. • The old rusty truck needs all new parts. • The beautiful young actress won three awards. • The sturdy compact suitcase was great to travel with. • The handsome strong athlete is very popular. • The large heavy book was never brought home.

14. Use a comma after a transitional element (however, therefore, nonetheless, also, otherwise, finally, instead, thus, of course, above all, for example, in other words, as a result, on the other hand, in conclusion, in addition) Directions: Put a comma where it needs to go in each sentence below. • For example the Yankees have won more championships than any other team. • I want you to succeed however you need to do the work. • In conclusion rap music has a large impact on society. • English is the most important class therefore you need to pay attention.

15. Directions: Rewrite the sentences into one sentence. Remember to use commas if you use and or but to connect two complete thoughts. • Juan held a black book in his hands. He talked with a friend. _______________________________________ 2. Lyle is alone. The house is deserted. The wind is howling. _______________________________________ 3. I walked around the lake. I saw a large bird. It sat on a rock. _______________________________________

16. Use a semicolon to join 2 independent clauses when the second clause restates the first or when the two clauses are of equal emphasis. For example:Road construction in Dallas has hindered travel around town; streets have become covered with bulldozers, trucks, and cones. Directions: Use a semi colon to join the two thoughts. • The lesson on grammar seemed to last forever students fell asleep while listening to the teacher. • Many people enjoy sky diving because of the unique feeling it brings people jump out of the plane for a thrill, and a great view. • The most effective way to make friends is to talk to people about things you have in common most people become friends by doing an activity together.

17. Use a colon after an independent clause when it is followed by a list, a quotation, appositive, or other idea directly related to the independent clause. Directions: put a colon where it needs to be in each sentence. • Destiny went to the store for some groceries milk, bread, eggs, bananas, chips, and cookies. • Directions place a colon where it should be in this sentence. • Abraham Lincoln believed in the United States “…That government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.”

18. The apostrophe has three uses: To form possessives of nouns To show the omission of letter To indicate certain plurals of lowercase letters Directions: put an apostrophe where it belongs in each sentence. • Brads book is on the bookcase. • We dont know the homework for tonight. • I was goin to the store but then it rained. • Make sure to use the 5 ws in your writing. • We need to get there by eight oclock. • How to we get to Stephanies house?

19. Mix review for punctuation. Directions: Place the appropriate punctuation marks in the sentences below. • After the show we all went to Destnys house for a party Brad and everyone was there and had a great time. • How many people can we fit into Cheryls car to get to the game by five oclock • In order to pass this class you must do three things show up try your best and work hard. • Therefore the Freshmen class is the best it has been in many years.

20. Directions: Write the names of three of your favorite television shows. Then, write two reasons that you like the show. Last, look for similarities. Television show:___________________________ Reason 1:________________________________ Reason 2:________________________________ Television show:___________________________ Reason 1:________________________________ Reason 2:________________________________ Television show:___________________________ Reason 1:________________________________ Reason 2:________________________________

21. Directions: Use the television shows and reasons from yesterday to write a topic sentence about the TV shows that you like. Look at what they may have in common. The topic sentence should introduce your main idea to your reader. Your topic sentence about your favorite TV shows: ______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________

22. Directions: Use the topic sentence and reasons to write a paragraph about your favorite television shows. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

23. Use the paragraph about your favorite television shows from yesterday. Do you have a concluding sentence? Directions: Write two different concluding sentences for your paragraph. 1.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

24. Directions: Use everything you have written about your favorite television shows to write a final draft of the paragraph. Use correct punctuation. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

25. Directions: Write the literal meaning of each figurative sentence below. • The exam was a piece of cake. _______________________________________ 2. She’s as slow as molasses. _______________________________________ 3. My brother eats like a horse. _______________________________________ 4. This will take forever. _______________________________________ 5. She eats like a bird. _______________________________________

26. Alliteration is the use of the same letter or the same sound at the beginning of two or more words that are near each other. Directions: Underline the alliterative words in each sentence. • He moved swiftly and silently through the night. • As the day dawned, I thought with dread of the morning’s exam. • Ashley was delayed, but not deterred. • The rioters ripped through the city center. • He clasps the crab with crooked hands. • Billy bought a bag of broccoli and beans. • She tried some apple cider, and surprisingly liked it.

27. Directions: Add an alliterative word or words to each of the following sentences where there is a *. Example: The sign moved in the * windThe sign in the wild wind. 1. The * trees swayed back and forth. ________________________________________ 2. There were twelve different * kinds of ice cream listed. ________________________________________ 3. Mr. Lu rushed home through * traffic. ________________________________________ 4. The teacher was startled when * screamed “fire!” ________________________________________

28. Directions: Underline all the alliteration found in the first stanza of the poem “The Raven” by Edgar Allan Poe. Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary,Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.`'Tis some visitor,' I muttered, `tapping at my chamber door -Only this, and nothing more.'

29. Directions: Write your own, short alliteration poem or story about a clown named Clumsy, a skunk named Sky, or a dog named Daisy. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

30. Imagery is figurative language that appeals to the senses of the reader. Directions: List things that see, hear, smell, taste, and feel during your school day. • See: __________________________________ • Hear: _________________________________ • Smell: ________________________________ • Taste: ________________________________ • Feel: _________________________________ Write a sentence using all the words that you wrote for number two. __________________________________________

31. Directions: classify the sensory words under sight (SI), smell (SM), or sound (SO). ___ Grey ___ Sweet ___ Creaked ___ Crash ___ Sour ___ Bright ___ Groan ___ Flash ___ Smokey ___ Stink ___ Stale ___ Loud ___ Soft ___ Blue ___ Gas ___ Hit ___ Slam ___ Fruity ___ Rose ___ Red ___ Rustle

32. Directions: Add a sensory word or words to each sentence to create imagery. • The gate was noisy. _______________________________________ 2. The pizza was hot. _______________________________________ 3. We heard traffic. _______________________________________ 4. The cave was scary. _______________________________________ 5. Devon likes cake. _______________________________________

33. Directions: Underline all examples of imagery (sense words) in the poem “The Shark” by Edwin John Pratt He seemed to know the harbour,So leisurely he swam;His fin,Like a piece of sheet-iron,Three-cornered,And with knife-edge,Stirred not a bubbleAs it movedWith its base-line on the water.His body was tubularAnd taperedAnd smoke-blue,And as he passed the wharf He turned,And snapped at a flat-fishThat was dead and floating.And I saw the flash of a white throat,And a double row of white teeth,And eyes of metallic grey,Hard and narrow and slit. Then out of the harbour,With that three-cornered finShearing without a bubble the waterLithely,Leisurely,He swam—That strange fish,Tubular, tapered, smoke-blue,Part vulture, part wolf,Part neither—for his blood was cold.

34. Directions: Write your own, short poem or story using lots of imagery. Write about the weather, a place, a person, or pet. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

35. Verbal irony is a figure of speech in which the literal meaning is the opposite of the author’s intended meaning. Example: After taking a test for two hours, the student said “That was fun!” Directions: Explain why each sentence is ironic. • As he got to the top of Mount Everest, he said “It was nothing.” _______________________________________ 2. “Oh wonderful,” Chris said, as the lightning and thunder moved closer. _______________________________________ 3. The runner arrived at home plate with a cheer, only to learn that he never touched home plate. __________________________________________

36. Situational Irony is when the opposite of what you think is going to happen, happens. Example: A fireman’s house catches on fire. Directions: Come up with three more examples of situational irony. • __________________________________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________________________

37. Similes compare two things, using the words like or as. Example: He was as strong as an ox.Directions: For each adjective below, list things that have that characteristic. • Wet:_________________________________ • Cold:_________________________________ • Hard:________________________________ • Thick:________________________________ • Gentle:_______________________________

38. Directions: Read the first stanza of the poem “A Red, Red Rose”, by Robert Burns and underline the similes. Next, write your own four lines using similes to compare love. My love is like a red, red rose That’s newly sprung in June : My love is like the melody    That’s sweetly played in tune. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

39. Similes compare two things, using the words like or as. Directions: Choose appropriate words to complete the similes below. • The child was as thoughtful as ______________ • Summer is like __________________________ • The moon is like _________________________ • The weather is as changeable as _______________________________________ • Friendship is like _________________________ • He ran as fast as _________________________ • The book is as dull as _____________________

40. A metaphor is a figure of speech in which the writer implies a comparison between two different things. Directions: Use four similes from yesterday and make them metaphors. Example:Simile: The darkness covered the village like a blanket.Metaphor: The village was blanketed in darkness. • _____________________________________ • _____________________________________ • _____________________________________ • _____________________________________

41. A metaphor is a figure of speech in which the writer implies a comparison between two different things. Directions: Explain what you think the metaphor means. All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players. They have their exits and their entrances… -William Shakespeare Meaning:_______________________________________________________________________

42. Onomatopoeia is the use of words that sound like or suggest the objects or actions being named. Directions: Match the sound word with the noun. • Nouns • A turkey • Water • A snake • Leaves • Garbage cans • A bee • A steak • A balloon • A crow • Sound Words • Hissed • Sizzled • Buzzed • Gurgled • Popped • Cawed • Clanged • Gobbled • Rustled

43. Onomatopoeia is the use of words that sound like or suggest the objects or actions being named. Directions: Underline words in this excerpt of the poem, “The Bells” by Edgar Allan Poe that remind you of the sound of bells. Hear the sledges with the bells– Silver bells! What a world of merriment their melody foretells! How they tinkle, tinkle, tinkle, In the icy air of night! While the stars that oversprinkle All the heavens, seem to twinkle With a crystalline delight;

44. Onomatopoeia is the use of words that sound like or suggest the objects or actions being named. Directions: Come up with as many onomatopoeia words as you can! ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

45. Personification is a figure of speech in which the writer gives human qualities to an animal or inanimate object. For example:I put my book right there; it must have walked away. Directions: Underline the examples of personification in this excerpt from James Stephens’ poem “Check”. The night was creeping on the ground; She crept and did not make a sound Until she reached the tree, and then She covered it, and stole again Along the grass behind the wall.

46. Personification is a figure of speech in which the writer gives human qualities to an animal or inanimate object. Directions: Use personification to describe the objects below. • Pen/Pencil____________________________ _____________________________________ • Cell phone____________________________ _____________________________________ • Desk______________________________________________________________________

47. Hyperbole is exaggerating, often in a humorous way, to make a particular point is known as hyperbole. Example: That ice cream cone is a mile high! Directions: Write three sentences that have hyperbole. • __________________________________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________________________

48. Hyperbole is exaggerating, often in a humorous way, to make a particular point is known as hyperbole. Directions: Underline all the hyperbole in Ball Bunyan’s description of winter. “Well now, one winter it was so cold that all the geese flew backward and all the fish moved south and even the snow turned blue. Late at night, it got so frigid that all spoken words froze solid afore they could be heard. People had to wait until sunup to find out what folks were talking about the night before.”

49. A rhetorical question is a question which is asked, but for which there is no reply.Example: Who doesn’t love a chocolate chip cookie?Directions: Write three rhetorical questions. • __________________________________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________________________ • __________________________________________________________________________

50. A pun is a play on words. Example: Two pencils decided to have a race.  The outcome was a drawDirections: underline the play on words in each pun below. • My trip to the Grand Canyon cost a hole lot of money. • The optometrist ran for mayor because he was a visionary. • Do birds know where they're going when they fly south for the winter or do they just wing it every time?