Michael Vardon United Nations Statistics Division

1. The Implementation of Water Accounts in in selected countries Training Course on Water AccountingAmman, Jordan10-13 March 2008 Michael Vardon United Nations Statistics Division

2. Over the past 2-3 years several countries have begun to implement SEEA Water Botswana China Dominican Republic India Jordan Guatemala Namibia New Zealand • Morocco • Mexico • South Africa • Tanzania • Turkey

3. Selected case studies • Dominican Republic • South Africa • Jordan

4. Dominican Republic

5. Dominican Republic – Activities • Hosted a regional workshop on water accounting • Have a developed project plan and established a steering committee. • Have agreed on the tables to be produced and a modified structure of tables (but still consistent with the standard tables) • Have agreed on a timeline

6. Dominican Republic – Regional Workshop • Held 16-18 July in Santo Domingo • 77 participants • 13 countries and 3 international organizations represented • Agenda, presentations and conclusion on UNSD website. See http://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/default.asp

7. Workshop conclusions – 1 The workshop recognizes: • The importance of supplying integrated environment, economic information to support policy development and decision-making as well as for encouraging and strengthening public confidence in policy development and decision-making; • That the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water (SEEA Water) is a powerful framework for organizing and providing integrated information on water that is extremely useful for policy developers, decision-makers and the public; • That the implementation of SEEA Water depends on the availability and quality of basic environmental and economic statistics from a range of sources and requires a high level support within government; • The need and importance of different parts of government, academia, industry, the NGOs and civil society working together to produce, understand and use the accounts from SEEA Water; • That the production of the accounts of SEEA Water requires a multi-disciplinary approach, strong collaboration between experts and shared responsibilities.

8. Workshop conclusions – 2 The workshop encourages countries to begin to implement SEEA Water, keeping in mind the different priorities, strengths and weaknesses of countries, by: • Developing an implementation plan for SEEA Water, which includes the development of concrete projects with clear identification of the actors to be involved, the objectives, goals, the necessary resources, the possible sources of funding and a timetable of activities and the time frame to achieve the objectives and goal identified in the plan; • Devote and manage resources for the on-going production of the accounts of SEEA Water; • Making decision-makers and policy developers aware of SEEA Water and its usefulness; • Establishing appropriate institutional arrangements for the development of the accounts of SEEA Water, respecting the roles and responsibilities of the different institutions involved and the legal frameworks of each country; • Beginning pilot compilations of accounts using available data, starting with the tables of greatest policy relevance; • Recording and sharing experiences of implementation of the SEEA Water, so that other countries can see and benefit from the experience of others (e.g. south-south cooperation); • Participating in international and regional initiatives aimed at supporting environmental accounting (e.g. internet discussion groups, workshops) taking into account regional and sub-regional issues..

9. Workshop conclusions – 3 The workshop encourages international organizations and the donor community to help build the capacity of countries to implement SEEA Water by: • Strengthening basic environmental, economic and social information and statistics of countries; • Seeking ways to have timely translation of documents into Spanish; • Developing a practical manual for compiling the accounts of SEEA Water; • Holding additional workshops to assist countries developing water accounts; • Promoting the SEEA Water at the highest levels, including the Forum of Ministers of the Environment of Latin America and the Caribbean and other relevant regional and sub-regional fora; • Seeking and providing resources for countries to implement SEEA Water; • Coordinating the implementation of the SEEA Water with the activities of capacity-building in the region.

10. Dominican Republic – Work Plan for SEEAW implementation Jul. 2007 • Regional Workshop • Draft report on data availability is circulated for review and comment Aug. 2007 • Final report on data availability • Final table structure, reference years and areas • First meeting of project working group Dec. 2007 • First draft of accounts circulated for review and comment July 2008 • Pilot water accounts published Dec. 2008 • Plan for on-going production of accounts finalized

11. Dominican Republic – Institutions involved in water account pilot project • Central Bank • Secretariat of State for Atmosphere and Natural Resources (Environment Department) • National Office of Statistics • National Institute of Potable Water and Sewage System • National Institute of Hydraulic Resources, • National Office of Meteorology • All corporations operating of aqueducts and sewage systems of the country • State Electrical Companies

12. Dominican Republic – report on data availability • “Diagnosis of the availability and quality of the existing information on water resources in Dominican Republic” • 57 pages plus annexes

13. Dominican Republic – contents of report on data availability 1.Introduction 2. Past work 3. Methods 4. Legal issues for access to information 5. Existing information on water availability 6. Volume of water consumed by industry 7. Data for River Basins 8. Existing financial information 9. Existing water quality information 10. Conclusions and recommendations

14. Dominican Republic – conclusions from report on data availability • Abundant information exists on the water resources in the different institutions • Data is organized in different ways according to different definitions, is often inaccessible (e.g. in a paper file), sometimes obsolete (old) or has short and incomplete time series • Legal framework for data collection and availability is not ideal

15. Dominican Republic – Tables to be produced • Physical supply-use • Hybrid supply-use • Asset account • Tourism industries separately identified • For the 3 eastern provinces only

16. Dominican Republic – Physical flows table

17. Dominican Republic – Hybrid use table

18. DominicanRepublic – flows to be measured Tratamiento de aguas residuales ISIC 37 ? Distribución de agua ISIC 36 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Agricultura ISIC 1 Silvicultura y Pesca ISIC 2-3 Mineria ISIC 5-9 Industrias ISIC 10-33 Electricidad ISIC 35 Hoteles/ Otras Turismo ISIC 55 + Todas las demas industrias Residencias ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Medio ambiente

19. South Africa

20. South Africa – Water Economy In an advanced stage of development: • High demand and competition for water • Diminishing low-cost sources of additional supply • Water quality problems Resource and supply characteristics • Low and erratic rainfall • Limited groundwater resources • Exhaustive development of available water storage and transfer options

21. South Africa – Water Policy Transforming legal access and rights to water • Ensuring provision of water for basic human needs and protection of aquatic ecosystems (Reserve) • Decentralizing water management through more enabling institutions Adopting integrated water resources management (IWRM) • Pricing for financial and environmental sustainability, economic efficiency and social equity • Refocus on water conservation and demand management • The National Water Resource Strategy

22. South Africa – Applying SEEAW • DWAF is the custodian hydrological data • Statistics SA captures official economic data • Disconnection between the DWAF hydrological data and the Statistics SA economic data • The SEEAW was applied to link the two data sources • DWAF data, Statistics SA data and the SEEAW structure and method were adapted in to accommodate unique South African requirements for: • Water flow accounts • Water asset accounts • 19 Water Management Areas (WMAs)

23. South Africa – 19 Water Management Areas (WMA)

24. South Africa - Activity • Pilot water accounts published in December 2005 • Hosted London Group Meeting in Pretoria, 26-30 March 2007 • Meeting had two sessions on the SEEAW • http://unstats.un.org/unsd/envaccounting/londongroup/meeting11.asp • Establishing institutional structure for the on-going production of water accounts • Review of water accounts by UNSD • Planning for possible regional workshop on water accounting in southern Africa later this year

25. South Africa – Pilot Accounts • Published December 2006, prior to SEEAW finalization in March 2007 • Available on web http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/statsdownload.asp?PPN=D0405&SCH=3804

26. South Africa – Contents of pilot accounts • 9 Chapter and 3 Appendices • National physical supply-use tables • Simplified physical supply-use tables for 19 regions • Physical input-output table • Physical stock (or asset) table • Hybrid supply and use table • Other economic indicators (Industry value added, employment, water tariffs and subsidies)

27. South Africa – data issues DWAF is the custodian of “water yield” (institutional supply of raw water) • DWAF excludes certain beneficial water uses from its data e.g. dry land use • DWAF classifies water use according to broad categories of institutional and policy importance, and not ISIC • DWAF planning scale is the Water Management Area (19 in SA) and not National Scale • Comprehensive official data currently only available for 2000 and 1995 Statistics SA • Supply and use tables, and limited other water-relevant data • No WMA-scale economic data

28. South Africa – physical supply-use tables

29. Diagram of flows in South Africa

30. South Africa – Adaptation of pilot accounts to the SEEAW (by UNSD)

31. South Africa – Recommendations in report To DWAF • Align water accounting periods and timeframes with Statistics SA • Align DWAF water sector definitions with the ISIC • Explicitly include hydrological data on economically beneficial yield-impacting water uses such as dry land use. To Statistics SA • Disaggregate economic data per water management area. This information should assist DWAF in addressing allocation questions. • Expand water supply economic data to correspond to institutional supply • The water quality account (2005) to be further developed, with emphasis placed on the impact of emissions on water yield. The monetary equivalent of this account should show the cost implications of loss and restoration of water yield due to emissions. • Consider options to gather economic data on ecological services. • Within the above, many data gaps exist which require attention. To the London Group • Use this as an example of how the SEEAW can be adopted to a water scarce country with unique policy requirements

32. South Africa – Where to now? • Meeting with government agencies to establish a strategy and mechanisms for the development and institutionalization of water accounts in South Africa. This will involve: • Statistics South Africa • Department of Water Affairs and Forestry • Water Research Commission • Recruiting of staff

33. Jordan

34. Jordan – Water issues • Scarcity of renewable water resources • Depletion of ground water • High losses during distribution and weakness in delivery • Limited capacity of waste water treatment plants • High population number and forced immigration • Per capita water supply is around 145 m3/day in 2005 and expected to be 90 m3/year in 2025

35. Jordan – Water Resource • 70% of the country receives less than 100 mm • 90% of the country receives less than 200 mm 􀂾 • North western highland (2% of country) receives around 300 mm Water resources • Surface water: Jordan rift Valley, Springs and Floods • Ground Water: Renewable and Non-Renewable • Treated Waste Water

36. Jordan – current status of water data, 1 Data available on : • Surface, ground water and treated waste water • Water supplied for municipal and industrial uses • Detail information on water use by river basins • Waste water treatment plants on design and operation capacity • Some aspects of water quality (e.g. the chemical and physical analysis on drinking water)

37. Jordan – current status of water data, 2 Data available on: • water supply by source 􀂾 • Water used for production and waste water generated by certain sectors depending on specialized surveys • Cost of water consumed as a commodity in some sectors • Cost of infra structure projects for water industry

38. Jordan • The Department of Statistics began work on water accounting in February 2007 • By June 2007 had data for a simplified physical supply and use table and presented these at Expert Group Meeting on Natural Resource Statistics, held Cairo, Egypt. • Tables were revised based on comments from UNSD • The Department of Statistics has now engaged with the Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Environment to develop a plan for the taking the development of water accounts further

40. Jordan – Physical Water Supply and Use Sewerage ISIC 37 Water Supply ISIC 36 ? ? 83 296 22 166 857 ? Agriculture ISIC 1 All other industries ISIC 2-99 Households 368 6 ? ? ? ? ? ? ENVIRONMENT

41. Jordan – Developing an implementation plan for SEEA Identification of • resources available • responsibilities of the different government agencies • data sources and procedures for accessing data • a review process prior to publishing & dissemination A structure for coordinating the organizational units within the Department of Statistics (especially if the development of environmental accounts are a joint project of the National Accounts Branch, Environment Statistics Unit, survey areas) A mechanism for involving key stakeholders (e.g. government agencies, research community, industry representatives, non-government organizations) A timetable and milestones

42. Jordan – difficulties • Lack of detailed data related to natural resources. For example little or no data for: • stock at the beginning and end of an accounting period for the water asset account describe • degradation and pollution of water resources which is expensive • valuation of water in agriculture • Fear of under or over estimating of water resources • Need training on calculation methodologies

43. Lessons from countries beginning to implement SEEAW – 1 • Some data usually exists in a range of government departments • Involving a range of government departments in the development of the water accounts is vital for identifying data and ensuring data quality as well as the use and acceptance of the accounts by government • The SEEAW standard tables can be easily expanded to show data of particular interest to countries

44. Lessons from countries beginning to implement SEEAW – 2 • The development of an implementation and mechanism for coordinating the inputs of the various government departments and other stakeholders is important • Pilot reports, for particular regions, or with a simplified breakdown of industries, can be prepared relatively quickly (6-12 months), depending on the data availability and data quality and the resources available for compilation. • Pilot reports are useful for engaging government decision-makers and policy developers

45. Main technical issues – 1 General • Applying SEEAW at regional or river basin level For the physical supply-use accounts • Treatment of losses • Measurement of return flows (i.e. from the economy to the environment) • Measure of flows from industries and households to the Sewerage Industry (ISIC 37) • Recording of water used for hydro-electric power generation • Measurement or estimation of use of soil water

46. Main technical issues – 2 For the emission accounts • Measure of emissions from industries and households to the Sewerage Industry (ISIC 37) • Gross vs. net emission and the reallocation of emission by the Sewerage Industry (ISIC) to other industries and households For the asset account • Measurement of the opening and closing stocks of water resources

47. Contact details Michael Vardon Adviser on Environmental-Economic Accounting United Nations Statistics Division New York 10017 USA Room DC2 1532 Phone: +1 917 367 5391 Fax: +1 917 363 1374 Email: vardon@un.org