Introduction to the Early Modern Period

1. Introduction to the Early Modern Period English Renaissance 1550s –1660. From Tudor England under Elizabeth I  to Stuart England under James I; Includes the English Civil War (1642-1648), beheading of King Charles I and Interregnum, including the Commonwealth (1649-1653) and Protectorate (1654-1660) under Oliver Cromwell; to the Restoration under Charles II Renaissance affected the entire globe http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance/

2. Renaissance/Early modern Period • ‘Renaissance’ – new birth • Originally applied to art, shorthand term for Italian sculpture and painting emancipated from Byzantine and Gothic forms. • Now a term for period from late 1300s-1700s in Europe. English Renaissance 1550s-1660. • Every age has a different relationship to the Renaissance – for us image dominates over text. • Renaissance is a literary movement concerned with the writings and teachings of classical antiquity: Greek and Latin texts.

3. The Renaissance – who cares?

4. The “New World”From Exploration to Exploitation Trade: gold, ivory, silver, spices, plants, and slaves The ‘Cantino’ world map (1502) – a Portuguese map, includes new info of Columbus’s discoveries of the new world (1492). But still adheres to traditional conventions, i.e. Jerusalem is the centre of the world

5. The Slave Trade: over 400 years

6. John Smith's map of Virginia, ca. 1609.  Tobaccco paper, Virginia 17th Century  Slaves with sugar cane: French West Indies 1667 Slave Ship, the Henrietta Marie, 1699 200 slaves from the Bight of Biafra to Jamaica

7. Early Modern: From Michelangelo to Nokia Michelangelo (1475-1564) was a Renaissance painter, sculptor, poet and architect. The Creation of Adam circa 1511

8. Access to the Printed PageJohann Gutenberg The Printing Revolution The invention of mechanical movable type printing (about 1439) is widely regarded as the most important event of the modern period. Printing played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the Scientific Revolution. Gutenberg’s Latin Bible was the first book ever printed in 1455. Printing press allowed increased access to classic texts of philosophy, ethics, history, mythology, poetry as well as access to the Bible in one’s own language.

9. The Reformation – changing Christianity Martin Luther Independent rel. with God. Treatise for change: October 31, 1517, in Wittenburg, Germany. Translation of the Bible, 1534 Act of Supremacy 1534 Henry VIII with Pope Leo X 1520

10. The “early modern” PeriodEnglish Renaissance 1550s –1660 Change in attitudes towards the human: • Increased freedom from ideas of the Christian church • Age of the portrait – the idea of humanism • New science and technology • The printing press, the free press, censorship • The Reformation: Divisions over forms of Christian religion • Travel, globalization: the birth of geography as a science and the birth of imperialism • Arts and literature – almost every prose form stems from this period • http://www.learner.org/interactives/renaissance • http://hitchcock.itc.virginia.edu/Slavery/search.html

11. The Duomo.The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore (English: Basilica of Saint Mary of the Flower) The Duomo, as it is ordinarily called. Begun in 1296 in the Gothic style Completed structurally in 1436 Dome engineered by Filippo Brunelleschi

12. Architecture

13. Introduction to the Early Modern Period English Renaissance 1550s –1660. From Tudor England under Elizabeth I to Stuart England under James I; the Civil War (1642-1648), beheading of Charles I and Interregnum, including the Commonwealth (1649-1653) and Protectorate (1654-1660) under Oliver Cromwell; to the Restoration under Charles II