Witschi Electronic Basic course Watches – Measuring technology and troubleshooting

1. Witschi Electronic Basic course Watches – Measuring technology and troubleshooting www.witschi.com Start >>

2. Welcome to...

3. Contents Introduction  Mechanical Watches Quartz Watches Water-resistance Helpful and practical Exit

4. Witschi Electronic AG develops, manufactures and sellsPioneering test and measurement technology for: • Watch production • Watch service • Testing devices for automotive industry, medical industry and instrument manufacturing Introduction About us Back Home

5. Introduction Aim of this course Back Home This basic course is intended to optimize our customers’ and the users’ knowledge of the Witschi devices and their operating skills in this field. ..End..

6. Contents Introduction Mechanical Watches  Quartz Watches Water-resistance Helpful and practical Exit

7. Mechanical Watches Home Home

8. Automatic winding mechanism (only with automatic watches) Winding shaft / crown Mainspring / barrel Gear train / motion work Escapement (escape wheel, pallet fork and impulse pin) Regulating system Mechanical Watches Main components of mechanical watches and their characteristics Back Home

9. The rate of the watch is based on a difference measurement between a highly accurate thermally stabilised quartz time base, e.g. in the Wicometre Professional and the actual rate of the watch. Typical values: Normal watch (approx.) -5 - +20 s/d Chronometer (approx.) -2 - +6 s/d Rate measurement The amplitude of the balance wheel is determined from the velocity of the ellipse, passing through the lift angle of the escapement. (high velocity = large amplitude and vice versa).Typical values: watch horizontal: (approx.) 250-330°watch vertical: (approx.) 240° at 0/h Amplitude measurement + 10s/d Mechanical Watches Measuring signals Back Home

10. Beat error Millisecond variations of both beats ("tick" and "tock" of unequal duration).Typical values: 0.0 - 0.5 ms Splitting the escapement noise into its three main components gives a great deal of information about miscellaneous fault sources in the escapement and regulating parts (balance wheel / spiral system). Beat noise General graphical display The general display generated by the Wicometre Professional is the result of alltechnical factors mentioned above during a certain time span.It indicates very accurately the technical state of the watch and it's faults, if any. +2.3 0.2 289 Mechanical Watches Measuring signals Back Home

11. Mechanical Watches Functions of the Wicometre Professional Back Home Display of results and parameters Rotary knob and buttons

12. Parameter Operation Universal setting Individual settings Beat number selection MAN, SEL, FRQ Beat Mode Aut (Automatic) Beats per Hour According to list(Witschi document)or individual Automatic detection Selected beat number Meas Time Measuring time in s Individual 2 to 240 s 20 s 52° Lift Angle Individual 10 to 90° Lift Angle Graph. Resol Resolution / diagramm 2 1 to 10 mm/ms Operating mode Graph GRAPH – SCOPE 3 Test Mode Mechanical Watches The parameters of the Wicometre Professional Back Home

13. Mechanical Watches The parameters of the Wicometre Professional Back Home

14. Mechanical Watches The parameters of the Wicometre Professional Back Home

15. Amplification adjustment of the equipment:1standard adjustment. If the diagram appereance is disturbed, the signal amplification can be reduced or increased by means of the rotating knob. 1 Watch movement in good condition.Rate : +1 up to +15 s/dAmplitude: H.: approx. 250 - 330° V.: 220 - 270° Beat error: ca. 0.0 up to 0.5 ms. Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection with a graphical diagram Back Home

16. Watch movement in good condition.Beat error: too large (approx. 3 mm/ms)Correction: adjust beat error only and readjust the rate. Watch movement in good condition.Movement A: large gainMovement B: large lossCorrection: readjustment of the rate, approx. +2 up to +15 s/d A + 90 s/d B - 90 s/d Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection with a graphical diagram Back Home

17. Watch movement with large rate variations between the various vertical positions.Correction: center, poise balance or exchange the complete regulation system. Movement A Pos CU Movement A Pos. CD + 40 s/d - 90 s/d Watch movement with small rate variations between the horizontal and vertical positions (isochronism).Correction: Check distance between the curb pins: vertical – (loss): reduce distancevertical + (gain): increase distance Movement A Pos HU Movement A Pos. CD + 10 s/d - 10 s/d Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection with a graphical chart Back Home

18. Watch movement with large, but regular rate variations: = technical defect in the gear train.Correction: overhaul + possible exchange of some gear-train parts. Watch movement with irregular rate and defects. Usually the amplitude is insufficient.Correction: overhaul. Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection with a graphical chart Back Home

19. Balance wheel "knocks"with interruptions (occasionally).Usually too high amplitude (+330°)+ double "tick-tock" in loud speaker.Correction: exchange mainspring, pallet fork and/or escape wheel. Balance wheel "knocks" continuously.Usually the amplitude is too high (+330°) + double- "tick-tock" in loud speaker.Correction: exchange the mainspring, pallet fork and/or escape wheel. Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection with a graphical chart Back Home

20. Excentric escape wheel.Correction: exchange the escape wheel. 15 – 21 teeth = 1 turn of the escape wheel Entry pallet of the pallet fork does not lock correctly, or is dirty.Correction: clean the pallet fork and escape wheel, or exchange the pallet fork. Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection with a graphical chart Back Home

21. Balance spring touches.In this case usually the balance spring touches the curb pins or the stud. (Scratching noises in loud speaker).Correction: center balance spring / adjust Slow recovery of the balance wheel amplitude after changing position.Bearings for balance wheel and gear train are badly or not lubricated.Correction: clean and lubricate, possibly overhaul. Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection with a graphical chart Back Home

22. Good standard values Watchtype Rate in s/d Amplitude H.* Amplitude V.* Beat error Gent's watch -5 to + 15 s/d 250 to 330° 220 to 270° 0.0 to 0.5 ms Lady's watch -5 to + 25 s/d 250 to 330° 220 to 270° 0.0 to 0.5 ms Chrono-meter -2 to + 6 s/d 250 to 330° 220 to 270° 0.0 to 0.5 ms Chrono-graph -5 to + 15 s/d 250 to 330° 220 to 270° 0.0 to 0.5 ms * Amplitude values when movement is fully wound. (Amplitude values after 24 h: decrease of approx. -10% to -15% is o.k.) Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection with a graphical chart Back Home

23. Image of the beat - normal pallet operation the impulse pin touchesthe pallet fork the escape wheel is droppingon to the exit pallet the entry pallet freeing itself from the escape wheel Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection, using the graphical scope function Back Home Between noises A and C, the balance wheel rotates by what is called the lift angle

24. Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection, using the graphical scope function Back Home Escapement locking too small Escapement locking too large

25. Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection, the graphical scope function Back Home Unlocking resistance too high Additional friction

26. Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection, using the graphical scope function Back Home Not enough clearance between the horns and the impulse pin Dart touching the roller

27. Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection, using the graphical scope function Back Home Too much clearance between balance pivot and jewel hole Low amplitude

28. Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection, using the graphical scope function Back Home Impulse pin touching the fork horn Rough balance pivot or insufficient clearance

29. Mechanical Watches Analysis and error detection, using the graphical scope function Back Home A tooth of the escape wheel drops directly on to the impulse plane (No locking function) Balance wheel touching balance spring ..End..

30. Contents Introduction Mechanical Watches  Quartz Watches Water-resistance Helpful and practical Exit

31. Quartz Watches Home

32. Battery Quartz resonator Integrated Circuit ( IC ) Stepping motor Gear train and motion work Quartz Watches Main components of autoquartz and quartz watchesand their characteristics Back Home

33. Quartz frequencyAcoustic Working frequency of the digital display: Capacitive on the watch glass Frequency: 4, 8, 16, 32 or 64 Hz. Quartz frequencyAcoustic or capacitive Sat 06.01.03 10:34:42 Stepping motorInductive(magnetic) Quartz Watches Measuring signals Back Home All rate measurements with quartz watches are based on the acquisition of the following signals: Analogue or analogue/digitalquartz watches Digital – quartz watches

34. A: Adjusted quartz oscillator frequency. Adjustment with a trimmer (out dated) or fixed capacitor "fix cap".The true rate can either be obtained via acoustical / capacitive measurements of the quartz frequency or magnetically via the motor pulses. Quartz Trim. IC / Oscillator B: The quartz oscillatorfrequency is not adjustable. The programmable IC is digitally adjusted (inhibition).A programmable number of oscillator pulses is inhibited once per minute (for some IC's every 20s, 30s or every 2, 4 and 8 minutes) during frequency division, i.e. they are not transferred to the next divider stage. By using this method the quartz oscillator runs fast, approx. +3-5 s/d. The true rate can only be measured via the motor pulse with a measuring time of => 60 s Quartz IC /mit EEPROM Quartz Watches Measuring signals Quartz oscillator Back Home The measurement of the quartz frequency (nominal: 32'768 Hz) occurs over the acoustic or the capacitive (by opened watches) sensor. For the rate adjustment 2 different methods are usually used:

35. IC Motor A:fixed pulses with constant or variable pulse width. or for new systems B: chopped pulses with constant pulse width, but chopped pulses which are continuously adapted to the watch movement’s condition for a lower current consumption. IC Motor Quartz Watches Measuring signals Motor pulse Back Home The motor pulses (pulse period 1s, 5s, 10s, 20s, 30s or 1 min.) are picked up inductively over the magnetic sensor. The stepping motor is driven from the IC’s driver stage with pulses like:

36. Connections and buttons Quartz Watches Functions of the Q Test 6000 Back Home Signal sensors Displays

37. Short test of the quartz and IC operation (test of the quartz signal) 1 Place the watch on the "acoustic " microphone 2POS: Testmode Rate: Quartz 32 KHz Test ok if: 3Signal "quartz" lights up in display "RATE". 4 Rate (quartz frequency) of the watchon Display RATE :approx. 0.00 to approx. + 6 s/d = ok 3 4 1 2 Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests with built in, functioning battery Back Home Quartz + IC Test

38. Test of the magnetic motor pulse 1 Place the watch on the "magnetic/capacitive" microphone 2 POS:Testmode Rate : stepp. motor Test ok if: 3 Signal"motor" in display "RATE"lights up (pulse) 3 1 2 Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests with built in, functioning battery Back Home Motor Test

39. Test of the rate accuracy 1 Place the watch on the "magnetic / capacitive" microphone 2 POS:Testmode Rate:stepp. motor 3 POS: Set theparameter meas. time on 60 s with the rotary knob. 4POS: Press Start test: 5 Result after 60 s in RATEnormal values: (approx.) -0.05 to + 0.35 s/dor -2 to + 15 s/m 3 5 1 2 3 4 Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests with built in, functioning battery Back Home Rate measurement

40. 1 POS: Testmode Module: Battery test 2 Test currents Nominal: 2A = current consumptionLow Drain: 750 A = peak MotorHigh Drain: 15 mA = peak Backlight 2 1 Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests with external supply / without battery Back Home Battery tests

41. Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests with external supply / without battery Back Home

42. Coil resistance: A1 POS: Testmode Module: resistance2 Test probes tocoil connectionsNormal values: approx. 1 to 3 kOhm 2 1 Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests with external supply / without battery Back Home Coil resistance / Insulation test Coil insulation: B1 POS:Testmode Module: resistance 2 1st test probeto a coil connection 2nd test probeto the plate Normal values: approx. 700 kOhm to X MOhm Movement insulation: C1 POS: Testmode Module: resistance21sttest probeto - pole of the battery2nd test probe to the plateNormal values: approx. 700 kOhm - X MOhm A B C

43. 1Place the watch on the mirror table and connect both 2 battery connectors to Module Supply by means of the movable contact picks. 3 POS: Parameter: Supply voltage - Set start at 1.55 or 3.00 Volt with the rotary knob 2 5 1 6 4 3 4POS: Testmode Module:consumption µA 5connect minus test probewith RT/T test point on movement’s module. 6Reduce current voltage withrotary knobuntil gear train stops. Normal values 3 dial trains <= 1.3 V 2 dial trains <= 1.15 V Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests with external supply / without battery Back Home Starting voltage

44. 1 Place the watch on the mirror table 2 Connect battery connectors toModule Supply. Set the following parameters with the rotary knob: 3 POS: Parameter: Supply voltage- Voltage on 1.55 or 3.00 volts 4 POS: Parameter: meas. time rateSet measuring time to 60 s 2 1 3 4 Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests with external supply / without battery Back Home Rate and consumption measurement

45. 5 POS: Parameter meas. time cons. Set measuring time to 60 s 6 POS: Testmode Module: on consumption µA 7 Start test: Measurement countdown can be observed on:POS countdown meas.time and countdown cons can be observedResult shown on displays:Rate (Rate) and Module (cons.) 2 1 6 3 4 5 7 Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests with external supply / without battery Back Home Rate and consumption measurement

46. 3.9ms 5.8ms 7.8 ms Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests with external supply / without battery Pulse generator Back Home The watch’s IC is replaced by the pulse generator Q Test 6000. The simulation of the watch’s IC by the pulse generator is carried out with a non-chopped pulse of variable length.

47. 1 Place the watch on the mirror table 2Connect the coil connections on the Module Supply. Set the following parameters with the rotary knob: 3 POS: Testmode module: Puls generator 4POS: Testmode Module: Supply voltage Voltage at 1.35  or 2.80  volts in display Parameter) 5 POS: Parameter: Pulse width Start with pulse length 2.9 ms and increase pulse length until the watch runs. 2 1 4 3 5 Normal motor pulse length values very good good adequate 3.9 - 4.8ms 4.8 – 5.8 ms 5.8 – 6.8 ms Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 Tests with external supply / without battery Back Home Pulse generator

48. 1Place the watch on the mirror table 2 Connect battery connectors to Module Supply.Set the following parameters with the rotary knob: 3 POS:Parameter: Supply voltage-Voltage on 1.55 Volt 4 POS: Parameter: special program - Setting P1 - P4 according to IC Typ 5POS: Testmode Rate: quartz 32 kHz 2 1 5 3 4 Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 IC programming and accelerated rate test ( real rate ) Back Home Settings

49. 6Accelerated rate testPOS: Test control:start test- Press briefly. The real rate of the watch is briefly shown. IC programmingPOS: Test control: simultaneously press keys start test and print result for 2-3 sec.The IC is reprogrammed. 2 1 5 3 4 6 Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 IC programming and accelerated rate test ( real rate ) Tests Back Home

50. Quartz Watches Operating the Q Test 6000 IC programming and accelerated rate test ( real rate ) Back Home IC Typen Special Programm / programmed IC types P1 Philips Series PCA 1400P2 Philips Series 1460 / 1480 / 1600P3 MEM H1138/ H1140/ H1238/ H1338/ H1538P4 MEM H1221/ H5222SPL Note Rate:Must appear in display RATE after accelerated test and after programming. If not: select another programming program (P1-P4).