Cellular Energy

1. Cellular Energy • Catalyst: • What is energy? • What does a plant need energy for? A lion? A bacterium? Write in complete sentences! Don’t talk during the Catalyst!

2. Objectives By the end of today, SWBAT… • Explain how the cell uses ATP • Use the equations for photosynthesis and cell respiration to analyze their relationship

3. Agenda • Catalyst • ATP • Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration • Notes Reflection • Exit Question/HW

4. Catalyst Review • What is energy? • What does a plant need energy for? A lion? A bacterium? • All living things need energy to live their lives!!!!!

5. Cellular Energy • Key Point #1: Cells need energy in the form of ATP to do work. • If energy is not in the form of ATP, then it must be changed into ATP before a cell can use it • ATP is the form of energy that lets cells do what they want • Cells need ATP to grow • Muscle cells need ATP to contract • Brain cells need ATP to think • Etc.

6. How ATP Works • ATP = adenosine triphosphate • The energy of ATP is stored in the bonds of the phosphate molecules. • Chemical energy = energy stored in bonds • How do cells use ATP? • Energy stored in bonds • Break off the last phosphate, and energy is released

7. Remember… • ATP is like a fully charged battery, while ADP is like a half charged battery.

8. Photosynthesis Reaction • What do plants need to grow? • Water, air (carbon dioxide), and sun • What is made by photosynthesis? • Sugar, oxygen • Key Point #2: The reactants of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. The products are glucose and oxygen. • Carbon dioxide = CO2 • Water = H2O • Glucose = C6H12O6 • Oxygen = O2

9. Chemical Reactions—Photosynthesis • Chemical reactions rearrange the starting materials (reactants) into finished materials (products). • What you need = reactions • What you make = products • Photosynthesis is a specific chemical reaction that, using energy from the sun, rearranges its reactants into its products. • Happens in the chloroplasts of plant cells only.

10. Unbalanced CO2 + H2O + sun  C6H12O6 + O2

11. Balanced 6CO2 + 6H2O + sun  C6H12O6 + 6O2 REACTANTS PRODUCTS

12. Cellular Respiration • Key Point #3: Cellular respiration converts glucose (sugar) and oxygen and turns it into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. • Just like photosynthesis, there’s an equation for cellular respiration… + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + ATP REACTANTS PRODUCTS

13. Chemical Reactions—Cellular Respiration • Cellular respiration is a specific chemical reaction that, using the energy in the sugar glucose, rearranges its reactants into its products. • Makes ATP (energy for the cell!) • Happens in the mitochondria of plants and animals. ATP ATP SUGAR ATP ATP

14. What Do You Notice…? Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + sun C6H12O6 + 6O2 Cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

15. Opposites! • Key Point #4: Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are opposites. • The reactants in photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration. • The reactants in cellular respiration are the products of photosynthesis.

16. SEE!!! Photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + sun C6H12O6 + 6O2 Cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

17. Notes Reflection (GP) • Look back through your notes to find the answer. If you can’t find the answer quickly in your notes, we need to work on note-taking skills. Why do cells need energy?

18. Notes Reflection (GP) • Look back through your notes to find the answer. If you can’t find the answer quickly in your notes, we need to work on note-taking skills. Can cells use glucose for energy directly?

19. Notes Reflection (GP) • Look back through your notes to find the answer. If you can’t find the answer quickly in your notes, we need to work on note-taking skills. Cells use energy in the form of _______.

20. Notes Reflection (GP) • Look back through your notes to find the answer. If you can’t find the answer quickly in your notes, we need to work on note-taking skills. What type of energy does ATP have?

21. Notes Reflection (GP) • Look back through your notes to find the answer. If you can’t find the answer quickly in your notes, we need to work on note-taking skills. Where is the energy in ATP stored?

22. Notes Reflection (GP) • Look back through your notes to find the answer. If you can’t find the answer quickly in your notes, we need to work on note-taking skills. How is the energy in ATP released?

23. Notes Reflection (GP) • Look back through your notes to find the answer. If you can’t find the answer quickly in your notes, we need to work on note-taking skills. What happens in photosynthesis?

24. Notes Reflection (GP) • Look back through your notes to find the answer. If you can’t find the answer quickly in your notes, we need to work on note-taking skills. Where does photosynthesis occur?

25. Notes Reflection (GP) • Look back through your notes to find the answer. If you can’t find the answer quickly in your notes, we need to work on note-taking skills. What happens in cellular respiration?

26. Notes Reflection (GP) • Look back through your notes to find the answer. If you can’t find the answer quickly in your notes, we need to work on note-taking skills. Where does cellular respiration occur?

27. Notes Reflection (GP) • Look back through your notes to find the answer. If you can’t find the answer quickly in your notes, we need to work on note-taking skills. Why can’t cells stop after photosynthesis, and just use sugar for energy?

28. Cell Energy Flow Charts • Cut out the squares. • Write the name (in English) of each square under its chemical symbol. • Organize the squares into the equation for photosynthesis. • Balance it!!! • Decorate the REACTANT squares in warm colors (red, yellow, orange) • Decorate the PRODUCT squares in cool colors (blue, green, purple)

29. Independent Practice/Homework Let’s go!

30. Exit Questions • What kind of energy is stored in ATP? • What is the process that uses carbon dioxide and water to make glucose? • What is the process that creates ATP? Write in complete sentences! Don’t talk during the Exit Question!