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est ontrol

est ontrol. P. C. Mosquitoes Flies Roaches Rodents. Ticks Fleas Lice Mites. Pests. Mosquitoes. Aedes sp.: transmit D engue fever, hemorrhagic Dengue fever, yellow fever Anopheles sp . : transmit malaria Culex sp. : transmit viral encephalitis

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est ontrol

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  1. est ontrol P C

  2. Mosquitoes Flies Roaches Rodents Ticks Fleas Lice Mites Pests

  3. Mosquitoes • Aedes sp.: transmit Dengue fever,hemorrhagic Dengue fever, yellow fever • Anopheles sp. : transmit malaria • Culex sp. : transmit viral encephalitis • Mansonia sp. : transmit elephantiasis

  4. Flies • Musca domestica (house fly) transmit food-borne disease • Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly) suck blood from humans and animals • Calliphora sp. (bottle fly, blow fly) larvae cause myiasis • Tavanus chrysops (horse fly, deer fly) produce painful bites

  5. Roaches • Periplaneta americana (American roach) • Supelle supellectilium (brown-banded roach) • Blattella germanica (German roach) • Blatta orientalis (oriental roach)

  6. Ticks • Hard ticks • Amblyomma spp. cause painful bite; transmit Rocky mountain spotted fever(tick fever), tularemia • Dermacenter spp. cause tick paralysis; transmit Colorado tick fever, Rocky mountain spotted fever, tularemia • Ixodes spp. cause tick paralysis • Soft ticks • Ornithodoros spp. cause venomous bite; transmit relapsing fever

  7. Fleas • Oriental rat flea (Xenopsylla cheopis) transmit bubonic plague, murine typhus (epidemic typhus fever), tapeworms • Dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis) spread tapeworms • Cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) spread tapeworms

  8. Mites • Sarcoptes scabiei (scabies mites) cause scabies • Trombicula alfreddugesi (chiggers) transmit scrub typhus, hemorrhagic fever • house mouse mite transmit rickettsial pox

  9. Lice • Pediculus humanus (body louse) transmit epidemic typhus fever, trench fever, relapsing fever • Pediculus humanus capitis (head louse) • Pthirus pubis (crab louse)

  10. Bugs • Cimex lectularius (bed bugs) : blood sucking • Family Reduviidae (kissing bugs): painful bite

  11. Rodents • Rattus rattus (roof rat) • Rattus Norvegicus (Norway rat) • Mus musculus (house mouse) • Peromyscus maniculatus(deer mouse)

  12. Diseases • Rats and mice transmit murine typhus fever, bubonic plague, rat bite fever, rickettsial pox, salmonellosis, trichinosis, hantavirus infection, and leptospirosis (Weil’s disease)

  13. Inspections and Surveys • Fly Surveys • Fly traps • Fly Grills • Reconnaissance surveys (Pilot surveys) • Mosquito Surveys • Larval study • Adult study

  14. Inspections and Surveys • Rodents • Rodent signs • Potential food and water sources • Potential harborage • Potential rodent entries

  15. Pesticides A pesticide is a chemical that kills pest Example: - Insecticides kill insects - Herbicides kill plants - Fungicides kill fungi - Rodenticides kill rats, mice and other rodents

  16. Benefits of Pesticides • Increase crop production • Control of disease-causing microorganisms

  17. Problems Created by Pesticides • Create new pests from nontarget species • Cause pesticide resistance • Cause contamination in the environment • Cause bioaccumulation in the food chain • Produce harmful effects on human and animals

  18. Alternative Methods to Current Pesticide Uses • Behavioral changes • Biological controls • Integrated pest management (IPM) • Organic farming

  19. Behavioral Changes • Crop rotation • Mechanical cultivation • Adjusting planting time • Switching from monoculture fields to mixed polyculture • Habitat diversification • Etc.

  20. Biological Controls • Predators (ladybugs, wasps, praying mantises, etc.) • Microorganisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi) • Plant toxins • Plant extracts (used as insect repellents)

  21. Strategies for Pest Control • Management of the habitat • Elimination of the food supplies • Cut the life cycle • Kill larvae • Kill adults • Continuous monitoring and control • Public health laws

  22. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) • Biological control • Mechanical control • Physical control • Chemical control • Control through management and law enforcement

  23. Guidelines for IPM • Identify the pest problem • Eliminate pest sources • Use biological controls • Use mechanical methods • Use physical controls • Use chemical pesticides carefully • Control through management (and law enforcement) • Evaluation and adjustment of strategies

  24. Organic Farming • uses non chemical pest control methods • Absolutely no synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, growth hormones, or antibiotics • Low input • Sustainable agriculture

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