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Paleozoic Vertebrates and Plants - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Paleozoic Vertebrates and Plants. Chapter 13 Part 2. Chapter 12&13 summary. Review of Paleozoic vertebrates. Jawless fish Jawed fish Eventually to amphibians. Can amphibians take over the world? Dependence on water for reproduction. Amniote egg. Egg hatch as mini adult
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Presentation Transcript
Review of Paleozoic vertebrates
- Jawless fish
- Jawed fish
- Eventually to amphibians
Can amphibians take over the world?
- Dependence on water for reproduction
Amniote egg
- Egg hatch as mini adult
- Skip larval stage
- With amniote egg: reptiles
Oldest reptile - Mississippian
- Reptile differences: Skull, jawbone better for chewing
Pennsylvanian reptilesHylonomus 30 cm long
- Small for agility
- Easier to keep warm/burrow
- Easier to heat by sun
Pennsylvanian reptiles
- Trapped in trees?
- Made dens there?
Reptiles appear in Carboniferous
- Permian: reptiles dominate & amphibians displaced
- Why so successful?
- Advanced:
- Reproduction
- Movement
- Jaws/teeth
Permian reptiles
- Dominant group: Pelycosaurs (finbacks)
- Herbivores and carnivores
Dominant group: Pelycosaurs (finbacks)
- How can you tell herbivore vs. carnivore?
Finback reptile fossil
- Purpose of sail to:
- Scare off attacker?
- Protection?
- Sexual display?
- Thermal regulation?
Permian reptiles
- Pelycosaurs extinct in Permian
- Succeeded by therapsids
- Mammal-like reptiles
Permian therapsids
- Small-medium animals
- Start of mammal features
- Fewer skull bones
- Larger lower jaw
- Teeth with different functions
- More vertical legs
- Hair?
Permian therapsids
- Small-medium animals
- Start of mammal features
- Fewer skull bones
- Larger lower jaw
- Teeth with different functions
- More vertical legs
- Hair?
Permian therapsids
- Small-medium animals
- Start of mammal features
- Fewer skull bones
- Larger lower jaw
- Teeth with different functions
- More vertical legs
- Hair?
Permian therapsids
- Small-medium animals
- Start of mammal features
- Fewer skull bones
- Larger lower jaw
- Teeth with different functions
- More vertical legs
- Hair?
Permian theraspids
- Endothermic? (warm-blooded)
- Maintain constant body temperature
- Why important?
- How to prove/disprove?
End of Paleozoic
- 90% of reptiles were therapsids
- 2/3 of reptiles wiped out in Permian extinction
- Plants were less affected
Two groups of plants
- Nonvascular: mosses, liverworts, fungi need water for survival.
- Vascular plants: tissue system to move water, nutrients (most land plants)
- Earliest land plants: nonvascular
- Evolved into vascular plants
Earliest vascular plant spores: Ordovician
- Nonvascular: mosses, liverworts, fungi need water for survival.
- Vascular plants: tissue system to move water, nutrients (most land plants)
- Earliest land plants: nonvascular
- Evolved into vascular plants
What do plants need to develop to be vascular?
- Tissue to transport water/nutrients
- Tissue to support plant body
- Avoid desiccation with outer wall
- Protection from UV
- Roots to collect water/nutrients from soil
- Roots to anchor plant
- Leaves for photosynthesis
Which came first?
- Land plants or land animals?
Oldest land plant, Silurian
- Simple leafless stalk with spores
- Seedless vascular plants
- Amphibian of plant world
Early Devonian landscape
- Early Devonian: low-growing plants
- Late Devonian: 30 foot tall plants
Devonian ferns
- Early Devonian: low-growing plants
- Late Devonian: 30 foot tall plants
Devonian plants
- First: seedless vascular plants
- Seedless plants need water for reproduction
- Next: seed plants
- Why seeds?
Seed plants: late Devonian
- Seedless vascular dominate Carboniferous
- Why plants important in Carboniferous?
Carboniferous swamps
- 70% of coal made from seedless vascular trees
Carboniferous flowerless seed plants
- Drier, higher land
Paleozoic plants
- By end of Permian:
- Flowerless seed plants take over
- Why seed plants not seedless?
- Climate drier and warmer
Carboniferous plants
- Glossopteris
- Seed fern
