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National Needs

The National Needs REU Program emphasizes the significance of greening electric energy and diversifying transportation as essential strategies for reducing emissions in the United States. Around 70% of U.S. energy use is associated with electric and transportation sectors, with CO2 emissions being a primary concern. This report highlights investment needs, energy sources, and the importance of integrating renewables like solar, wind, and geothermal into a sustainable future. Moving forward, addressing the challenges in energy transition is crucial for a resilient and eco-friendly energy system.

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National Needs

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  1. National Needs REU Program, 2013 James McCalley (jdm@iastate.edu)

  2. Energy 201: the nation 40% 18% LightDuty: 61% Freight: 28% Aviation: 11% 28% 2 https://flowcharts.llnl.gov/index.html

  3. US ENERGY USE IS ABOUT 70% ELECTRIC & TRANSPORTATION GREENING ELECTRIC & DIVERSIFYING TRANSPORTATION IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR REDUCING EMISSIONS US CO2 EMISSIONS* IS ABOUT 71% ELECTRIC & TRANSPORTATION * Anthropogenic

  4. INCREASE Non-GHG 12Q to 30Q USE 11Q Electric for transportation 4.5Q Electric Generation 49.72 Solar, 1.0 Unused Energy (Losses) 43.0 15 12.68 24.5 Nuclear,15 6.82 20.54 Hydro, 2.95 Wind, 8.1 Residential 11.48 Geothermal 3.04 REDUCE COAL 22Q TO 10Q Natural Gas 23.84 Used Energy 42.15 Commercial 8.58 IGCC, 2.26 Industrial 23.94 Old Coal 10.42 8.58 8.5 Biomass 3.88 Trans-portation 15.5 Petroleum 15.13 26.33 6.95 REDUCE PETROLEUM 37Q15Q LightDuty: 8.56Q Freight: 3.75Q Aviation: 3.19Q 4

  5. Grand Challenge Question For Energy: What investments should be made, how much, when, and where, at the national level, over the next 40 years, to achieve a sustainable, low cost, and resilient energy & transportation system? 6

  6. GEOTHERMAL SOLAR CLEAN-FOSSIL Where, when, how much of each, & how to interconnect? NUCLEAR BIOMASS Wind

  7. Grand Challenges For Wind: • Move wind energy from where it is harvested to where it can be used • Develop economically-attractive methods to accommodate increased variability and uncertainty introduced by large wind penetrations in operating the grid. • Improve wind turbine/farm economics (decrease investment and maintenance costs, increase operating revenues). • Address potential concerns about local siting, including wildlife, aesthetics, and impact on agriculture. 8

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