Prepared by Michael K. McCuddy Valparaiso University

1. Presentation Slidesto AccompanyOrganizational Behavior10th EditionDon Hellriegel and John W. Slocum, Jr. Chapter 12—Fostering Interpersonal Communication Prepared by Michael K. McCuddy Valparaiso University

2. Slide 12.1Learning Objectives for Fostering Interpersonal Communication • Describe the basic elements of interpersonal communication • Discuss how interpersonal communication networks affect relationships among employees • Explain the fabric of abilities that foster dialogue • Describe how nonverbal communication affects dialogue Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication

3. Slide 12.2Elements of Interpersonal Communication Sender Receiver Transmitters Channels Receptors Decoding Encoding • Interpersonal • Barriers • Cultural Barriers Start Meaning Meaning Encoding Decoding Receptors Channels Transmitters Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication

4. Slide 12.3Examples of Media Richness Fast Face-to-face dialogue * Videoconference * Telephone conversation* * Voice mail Speed of Personalized Feedback * E-mail * Informal letters/memos * Organization’s own videos * Organization’s Web site * Formal written documents * Formal numerical documents Slow Cues and Language Single Multiple Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication

5. Slide 12.4Personality Barriers inInterpersonal Communication • Low adjustment • Low sociability • Low conscientiousness • Low agreeableness • Low intellectual openness • Introversion Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication

6. Slide 12.5Perceptual Barriers inInterpersonal Communication • Perceptual defense • Stereotyping • Halo effect • Projection • High expectancy effects • Fundamental attribution error • Self-serving bias Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication

7. Slide 12.6Direct Barriers inInterpersonal Communication • Noise • Semantics • Language routines • Lying and distortion Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication

8. Slide 12.7Cultural Barriers inInterpersonal Communication • Cultural Context • High-context culture • Low-context culture • Body Language • Ethnocentrism Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication

9. Slide 12.8Examples of Cultures on the Cultural Context Continuum North American Japanese Vietnamese Arab Chinese Korean Greek Spanish Italian English Scandinavian Swiss German High Context Low Context Source: Based on Hall, E. Understanding Cultural Differences. Yarmouth, ME.: Intercultural Press, 1989; Munter, M. Guide to Managerial Communication: Effective Business writing and Speaking, 5th ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1999. Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication

10. Slide 12.9Five Alternative CommunicationNetworks for a Five-Person Team • Star network • Y network • Chain network • Circle network • All-channel network Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication

11. Slide 12.10Effects of Five Communication Networks TYPE OF COMMUNICATION NETWORK FACTOR STAR Y CHAIN CIRCLE ALL- CHANNEL Degree of centralization Very high High Moderate Low Very low Leadership predictability Very high High Moderate Low Very low Average group satisfaction Low Low Moderate Moderate High Range in individual member satisfaction High High Moderate Low Very low Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication

12. Slide 12.11Elements in Communication Openness Closed Guarded Defensive Open Candid Supportive Message Transmission Is Linked to: TRUST Low High AGENDAS Hidden Shared GOALS Concealed Revealed Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication

13. Slide 12.12Contextual Factors inCommunication Openness • History of the relationship will affect trust and risk taking • Guarded interpersonal communication is understandable and rational: • In adversarial relationships but not in supportive relationships • When someone else has control over your fate Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication

14. Slide 12.13Principles of ConstructiveFeedback for Fostering Dialogue • Establish trust between sender and receiver • Make feedback specific rather than general • Give feedback when receiver is ready to accept it • Check validity of feedback with receiver • Provide feedback on behaviors the receiver can change • Don’t overwhelm receiver with feedback Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication

15. Slide 12.14Guidelines for EffectiveActive Listening • Have a purpose for listening • Suspend judgment, at least initially • Resist distractions and focus on the sender • Pause before responding to the sender • Rephrase the sender’s message • Seek out important themes • Use the differential between rates of speech and thought to reflect and search for meaning Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication

16. Slide 12.15Basic Types of Nonverbal Cues TYPE OF CUE EXPLANATION AND EXAMPLES Body motion Gestures, facial expressions, eye behavior, etc. Personal physical characteristics Body shape, posture, body or breath odors, hair color, skin color, etc. Paralanguage Voice qualities, speech habits, laughing, etc. Use of space Ways people use and perceive space Physical environment Building and room design, furnishings, etc. Time Use of time, relationship of time and status, etc. Chapter 12: Fostering Interpersonal Communication