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Understanding Gas Volume and Moles: Chemistry at Standard Temperature and Pressure

This resource covers essential concepts in introductory chemistry, focusing on the conversion between moles and gas volume at standard temperature and pressure (STP), defined as 0°C and 100 kPa. Key topics include how gas volume is affected by external conditions such as temperature and pressure, and practical applications in stoichiometry. Students will learn to solve problems involving gas volume conversion, including examples such as calculating moles of hydrogen in a container and determining oxygen volume needed to combust methane to produce carbon dioxide.

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Understanding Gas Volume and Moles: Chemistry at Standard Temperature and Pressure

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  1. Year 10 C Pathway Mr. D. Patterson Introductory chemistry

  2. Outcomes • Convert from moles to volume of a gas (and vice versa) at standard temperature and pressure • Use the conversion of volume of a gas into moles (and vice versa) in stoichiometry problems

  3. What affects the volume of a gas? • Equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure have the same number of particles

  4. What affects the volume of a gas? • One mole of gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP) takes up 22.7 L • STP is at 0 oC and 100 kPa

  5. What affects the volume of a gas? • What would happen to the size of a balloon being pulled deep under the ocean? • What would happen to the size of a balloon floating high above the clouds?

  6. What affects the volume of a gas? • Increasing the outside pressure decreases the volume • Increasing the temperature increases the volume Decreasing external pressure

  7. How to calculate the volume of a gas n= number of moles of the gas V = volume of the gas (L) This equation only works at STP

  8. Example problem • A gas container holds 500ml of hydrogen gas at STP. How many moles of hydrogen gas is in the container?

  9. Example problem • 3 moles of oxygen is used to combust carbon at STP. What volume of oxygen is required?

  10. Using volume in Stoichiometry • Mass to moles • Moles to mass • Find moles of known • Find mass of unknown • Moles to Moles • Volume to moles • Moles to volume

  11. Example Problem • What volume of oxygen gas is required to produce 2 L of carbon dioxide gas when combusting methane? • Moles to Moles • Volume to moles • Moles to volume

  12. Example Problem • What volume of oxygen gas is required to produce 2 L of carbon dioxide gas when combusting methane? • Volume to moles

  13. Example Problem • What volume of oxygen gas is required to produce 2 L of carbon dioxide gas when combusting methane? • Moles to Moles

  14. Example Problem • What volume of oxygen gas is required to produce 2 L of carbon dioxide gas when combusting methane? • Moles to volume

  15. Outcomes • Convert from moles to volume of a gas (and vice versa) at standard temperature and pressure • Use the conversion of volume of a gas into moles (and vice versa) in stoichiometry problems • Checkpoint 11.3-11.9 • Sets 25-29

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