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Unit 13. 追忆。。. Our memories. 牵手。。放手。。挥手。。。我们曾经爱过. Part B Grammar ( 直接引语和间接引语）. 引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。直接引语和间接引语之间可以互相转换。 如：他们说：“皇帝死后将成为神。” [ 直接引语 ] Dixere:"Augustus post mortem deum factus erit."
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Unit 13 追忆。。 Our memories... ... 牵手。。放手。。挥手。。。我们曾经爱过... ...
Part B Grammar (直接引语和间接引语） • 引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是讲述别人的原话，并把它放在引号里，这叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人，并且不能用引号，这就是间接引语。直接引语和间接引语之间可以互相转换。 • 如：他们说：“皇帝死后将成为神。” [直接引语] Dixere:"Augustus post mortem deum factus erit." • 他们说，那个皇帝死后将成为神。[间接引语] Dixere Augustum post mortem deum faciendum esse. • 间接引语中，引语的主语要使用宾格，动词要使用不定式，不定式的时态取决于引语动词发生的时间与主句动词时间的先后性，不定式的性、数取决于间接引语的主语（如前所述，只用宾格）。如： • Consules sentiunt servos non esse liberandos. 执政官们认为奴隶们不该被释放。 • 主句动词是认为：sentiunt ，时态是现在时。间接引语中的动词是不定式 liberandos esse，是将来时，因为“被释放”的动作是发生在主句动词“认为”之后的。liberandos 的性（阳性）、数（复数）与间接引语的主语servos 保持一致。 • 当我们引用别人的话时，我们可以使用别人的原话，也可以用自己的话把意思转述出来。如果引用原话，被引用的部分就称之为直接引语，反之，则称为间接引语。 • 这里有两句间接引语。前面一句的动词是 interfectum esse，是不定式的完成时，表示“被杀害”的动作是发生在fama erat [消息到来]之前的；后一句的动词是 vivere， 是不定式的现在时，表示“活着”这个动作与消息到来同步。
直接引语和间接引语之间的转换 • 1、人称的转变 • 1）直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如： • He said，“I am very sorry.” ——>He said that he was very sorry. • 2）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如： • “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me.——> • My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. • 3）直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。如： • She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight.” ——> • She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. • 4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如： • He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” ——> • He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. • 总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。
2、时态的转换 • 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求）， • 变化如右：
直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情况 • 1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如： • He always says, “I am tired out.” ——>He always says that he is tired out. • 2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如： • He will say, “I'll try my best to help you.” ——>He will say that he will try his best to help me. • 3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时，如： • He said, “I went to college in 1994.” ——>He told us that he went to college in 1994. • 4）当直接引语中有以when, while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时，如： • He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” ——> • He said that when he was a child, he usually played football after school. • 5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如： • Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” ——> • Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
6）当引语是谚语、格言时，如： • He said，“Practice makes perfect.” ——>He said that practice makes perfect. • 7）当直接引语中有情态动词should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used t-o, need时，如： • 例如： • The doctor said, “You'd better drink plenty of water.” ——> • The doctor said I'd better drink plenty of water. • He said, “She must be a teacher.”——> He said that she must be a teacher. • He said, “She ought to have arrived her office by now.”——> • He said that she ought to have arrived her office by then. • She asked, “Must I take the medicine?”——> She asked if she had to take the medicine. • 〔注〕：此处用had to代替must更好 • 8）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，here不必改为there, 动词come不必改为go，如果当天转述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。如： • Teacher: You may have the ball game this afternoon. • Student : What did the teacher say, Monitor? • Monitor: He said we might have the ball game this afternoon.
