Plant Diversity and Life Cycles

1. Plant Diversity and Life Cycles Biology 2 Chapter 29

2. Lycophyta-Nonvascular Plants • Plants which lack xylem and phloem, the vascular tissues which carry water and sugars to all parts of the plant. • Lack true leaves, roots and stems • Hornworts, liverworts and mosses

3. Hornworts

5. Liverworts

7. Mosses

8. Life Cycle of Mosses • The dominant form of a moss is a clump of leafy green gametophytes which produces the sperm and the egg • Have alternation of generations • The alternate form is called the sporophyte and produces the spores

11. Antheridium • The male reproductive structures that produce hundreds of flagellated sperm by mitosis

12. Archegonium • The female reproductive structure that produces a single egg by mitosis

13. Fertilization • When sperm unites with the egg and begins dividing to form the zygote haploid haploid diploid

14. Sporophyte • Grows from the tip of a gametophyte and remains attached to it • Forms the spores by meiosis which are released and grow to produce the gametophyte

15. Seedless Vascular Plants • Plants which reproduce by spores and lack vascular tissue • Ferns, horsetails and whisk ferns

16. Pterophyta • Ferns

17. Life Cycle of a Fern • Has alternation of generations • The sporophyte is the dominant form • The gametophyte is tiny and forms the antheridia and archegonia

19. Sori • Located on the underside of a fern frond and contain the sporangia where the spores are formed

28. Sphenophyta • Horsetails, Equisetum Equisetum

29. Psilophyta • Whisk ferns