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Inter molecular Forces (l) & (s) phases: Molecule-molecule Molecule-ion

Inter molecular Forces (l) & (s) phases: Molecule-molecule Molecule-ion. Suggested Reading:

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Inter molecular Forces (l) & (s) phases: Molecule-molecule Molecule-ion

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  1. Intermolecular Forces (l) & (s) phases: Molecule-molecule Molecule-ion

  2. Suggested Reading: 1) Page 380, I suggest you read the first paragraph in section 8.8 if not the entire section. 2) Review Example 8.12 on pg 384 to make sense of why NH3 is more polar than NF3, which at first seems odd. 3) Read the bottom of pg 558 beginning with, “When a polar…” to “…dipole-dipole attraction.”4) Read three paragraphs on pg 562, starting with “There is an unusually strong…” to “…(Figure 12.7).”5) On pg 565-567, read the two sections: “Dipole/Induced Dipole Forces” and “London Dispersion Forces: Induced Dipole/Induced Dipole”.

  3. 12.1 Know the level of intermolecular forces for each state of matter, s, l, g. Which has the most and which has none?

  4. PLAY MOVIE

  5. Q: What makes molecules “stick” together in the liquid (and solid) state? A: The opposite ends of their dipoles: opposites attract…..and like polarities “stick” to like polarities.

  6. Recall molecular polarity…?

  7. Opposites attract…..and like polarities “stick” to like polarities.

  8. Pg 563, Exc. 5.2-5.4 EOC 1, 3, 5, 7, 17

  9. FORCES INVOLVING INDUCED DIPOLES Formation of a dipole in two nonpolar I2 molecules. Induced dipole-induced dipole

  10. PLAY MOVIE

  11. FORCES INVOLVING INDUCED DIPOLES How can non-polar molecules such as O2 and I2 dissolve in water? The water dipole INDUCES a dipole in the O2 electric cloud. Dipole-induced dipole

  12. PLAY MOVIE

  13. Different Levels of Molecular Polarity C B A H D E

  14. PLAY MOVIE

  15. Dipole-Dipole

  16. H-Bonding

  17. H-Bonding

  18. H-Bonding Between Two Methanol Molecules - + - H-bond

  19. H-bond H-Bonding Between Methanol and Water - + -

  20. H-Bonding Between Ammonia and Water - + - H-bond

  21. Base-Pairing through H-Bonds

  22. Hydrogen Bonding in Biology Hydrogen bonding and base pairing in DNA. PLAY MOVIE See ChemistryNow, Chapter 12

  23. Ion-Dipole

  24. PLAY MOVIE

  25. C4H10 C3H8 C2H6 CH4

  26. Pg 563, Exc. 5.2-5.4 EOC 1, 3, 5, 7, 17

  27. Boiling Liquids PLAY MOVIE PLAY MOVIE Liquid boils when its vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.

  28. ether alcohol water O O O C H H C H C H H 2 5 H 5 2 5 2 dipole- extensive dipole H-bonds H-bonds increasing strength of IM interactions LiquidsSee Figure 12.17: VP versus T 4. If external P = 760 mm Hg, T of boiling is the NORMAL BOILING POINT 5. VP of a given molecule at a given T depends on IM forces. Here the VP’s are in the order

  29. From Chapter 13.6 Know how to interpret phase diagrams

  30. Phase Diagrams

  31. TRANSITIONS BETWEEN PHASESSee Section 13.6 • Lines connect all conditions of T and P where EQUILIBRIUM exists between the phases on either side of the line. • (At equilibrium particles move from liquid to gas as fast as they move from gas to liquid, for example.)

  32. Phase Equilibria — Water Solid-liquid Gas-Liquid PLAY MOVIE PLAY MOVIE Freezing/Melting Condensation/Evaporation Gas-Solid PLAY MOVIE Deposition/Sublimation

  33. Phase Diagram for Water Liquid phase Solid phase PLAY MOVIE PLAY MOVIE PLAY MOVIE Gas phase

  34. Triple Point — Water At the TRIPLE POINTall three phases are in equilibrium. PLAY MOVIE

  35. CO2 Phase Diagram

  36. CO2 Phases Separate phases Increasing pressure More pressure Supercritical CO2 See Figure 13.20

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