The Inclusion of Alternative Medicine into Nursing Curriculum Lynette Ruckman MSN, RN

1. The Inclusion of Alternative Medicine into Nursing CurriculumLynette Ruckman MSN, RN

2. The Problem • Increased use of alternative medicine in United States by adults • Nurses lack knowledge of alternative medicine • Nurses unable to holistically care for and educate patients • Patients could have poor health outcomes with improper education

3. Timeline of Alternative Medicine

4. Literature Review • International call for increased research, education, and practice of alternative therapies (Leech & Bayes, 2018) • Increased use in U.S. adults: 1993 – 34%, 2002 – 36%, 2007 – 38% (Bassett, 2010; Barnes & Bloom, 2008) • NCLEX included alternative therapies beginning in 2004 (Helms, 2006)

5. Literature Review • Patients cautious of communication with healthcare practitioners regarding alternative therapy use (Salamonsen & Ahlzen, 2018) • Lack of knowledge in nurses regarding alternative medicine (Hall, et. al., 2017) • Call for integration of alternative medicine into nursing curriculum (Helms, 2006) • Gap in knowledge between alternative medicine and conventional medicine

6. Research Questions • What are faculty’s perceptions/ attitudes toward the implementation of alternative medicine into nursing curriculum? • What are nursing faculty’s experiences regarding the implementation of alternative medicine into nursing curriculum?

7. Theoretical Framework Rogers’ diffusion of innovations theory • Four main elements Time

8. Theoretical Framework Innovation-Decision Process Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations.

10. Methodology • Descriptive phenomenological study • Exploring nursing faculty’s attitudes and experiences regarding the implementation of alternative therapies into nursing curriculum • Interviews with 10 qualified nursing faculty

11. Methodology Colaizzi’s method

12. Template for Coding Creswell, J. W. & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design.

13. Significance • Increased use of alternative therapies as complementary with conventional medicine, but nurses lack knowledge to care or educate • Identify motivating factors and barriers to inclusion of alternative medicine into nursing curriculum • Contribute to the body of knowledge of alternative medicine in relation to nursing faculty and nursing education

14. References Avino, K. (2011). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of nursing faculty and students related to complementary and alternative medicine: a statewide look. Holistic Nursing Practice, 25(6), 280-288. Barnes, P. M., & Bloom, B. (2008). Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults and children: United States 2007. National Health Statistics Reports, 12, 1-24. Bassett, D. R. (2010). Alternative medicine. American Association for Public Opinion Research, 33-38. Chunfeng Wang, C., Ruifang, Z., & Jing-Yu, T. (2019). Nurses and Holistic Modalities: The History of Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture. Holistic Nursing Practice, 33(2), 90-94. doi:10.1097/HNP.0000000000000312 Cody, G. W. (2018). The Origins of Integrative Medicine--The First True Integrators: The Postwar Years and the Zenith of Alternative Medicine. Integrative Medicine: A Clinician's Journal, 17(4), 20-23. Creswell, J. W. & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th ed.). Los Angeles: Sage. Hajbaghery, M. A., & Mokhtari, R. (2018). Complementary and alternative medicine and holistic nursing care: The necessity for curriculum revision. Journal of Complementary Medicine, 5(4), 001-002. Hall, H., Leach, M., Brosnan, C., & Collins, M. (2017). Nurses’ attitudes towards complementary therapies: A systematic review and meta-synthesis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 69, 47-56. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.01.008 Helms, J. E. (2006). Complementary and alternative therapies: a new frontier for nursing education? Journal of Nursing Education, 45(3), 117-123.

15. References Leech, B., & Bayes, J. (2018). A synopsis of the 2018 International Congress on Integrative Medicine and Health. Australian Journal of Herbal & Naturopathic Medicine, 30(4), 184-185. Morrow, R., Rodriguez, A., & King, N. (2015). Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenological method. The Psychologist, 28(8), 643-644. Rogers, E. M. (1995). Diffusion of Innovations (4th ed.). New York: The Free Press. Rosenbaum, C. C. (2007). The history of complementary and alternative medicine in the US. The Anuals of Pharmacotherapy, 41, 1256-1260. Salamonsen, A., & Ahlzén, R. (2018). Epistemological challenges in contemporary Western healthcare systems exemplified by people’s widespread use of complementary and alternative medicine. Health: An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health, Illness & Medicine, 22(4), 356-371. doi:10.1177/1363459317693408 Smith, G. D., & Wu, S.-c. (2012). Nurses' beliefs, experiences and practice regarding complementary and alternative medicine in Taiwan. Journal of Clinical Nursing (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.), 21(17-18), 2659-2667. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.04008.x