The Democratization of the Network

1. The Democratization of the Network David H. Lehman

2. New Technology – New Challenges!

3. Smart ID Card Radiation Sensor Sarnoff RFID, 250 µm2; Antenna etched in Si CalTech 94 GHz MEMS Antenna MITRE Netted Sensor Platform System on a Chip (SoC) Wireless-Internet on a chip. 10-50 M transistors. Embedded µP, FPGA, RF and analog MOTE Netted Sensor Platform Key Netted Sensors Technologies • Proximity Sensors • Power Sources • Miniaturization • System Integration • Ad hoc & Mobile Wireless Networks • Collaborative Signal Processing & Fusion • Distributed Computing • Information & Resource Management • Security Full Color Wireless Camera Sophisticated Networking 800 node demo at Intel Developers Forum LLNL Biological Sensor Micro power Impulse Radar NEC Fuel Cell

4. “Scientists at the University of California at Berkeley showed off a new technology they're calling "smart dust," which -- if it works -- might be the silver lining of California's electricity cloud….” (May 2001) “The Smart Dust project is exploring whether an autonomous sensing, computing, and communication system can be packaged into a cubic-millimeter mote to form the basis of integrated, massively distributed sensor networks.” (Jan 2001) “Clouds of smart dust could one day be used in an astonishing array of applications, from following enemy troop movements and hunting Scud missiles to detecting toxic chemicals….” (Nov 2000) “When clustered together, [sensors] automatically create highly flexible, low-power networks with applications ranging from climate-control systems to entertainment devices that interact with handheld computers.” (Jun 2001) “The world of sensors is getting smaller…. Moving, in some cases, into what had been the realm of science fiction.” (Mar 2002) “The ability to incorporate low-power, wireless communication into embedded devices gives rise to a new genre of embedded software that is distributed, dynamic, and adaptive.” (Feb 2003) “The allure of the Smart Dust project for the military from a tactical standpoint, not to mention logistical and medical, is obvious…. Military uses are only the tip of the iceberg for Smart Dust…. They can, for example, monitor the structural health of buildings…” (Mar 2003) Motes and Smart Dust in the News “…someday thousands of [motes] might be deployed to collect and process a rich array of information…” (Oct 2001) “Wireless Sensor Networks, One of Ten Emerging Technologies That Will Change the World.” (Feb2003)

5. Commercial Applications • Manufacturing • Smart Buildings • Smart Highways • Entertainment • Agriculture and Livestock • Aviation • Security Intelligent sensor networks for manufacturing control applications Making wines finer with wireless sensor networks A sensor web pod monitoring conditions at a farm Livestock breeding- Sensing cow hormones

6. Mobile TCT and CID C2 ISR Network Perimeter Monitoring Area of Focused Interest Urban Surveillance Harbor Monitoring A Military Perspective

7. Network Centric Sensing Characteristics *Adapted from DSB Summer Study 2001 Defense Science and Technology Sensing, Networking, Processing, Resource Management and Information Management Are Highly Interdependent

8. Network Centric SensingInformation Management Characteristics • Loosely coupled, dynamically changing networks potentially with large numbers of heterogeneous sensors • Real-time, distributed, and autonomous resource management of very large number of platforms and sensors • Real-time, distributed signal processing, information processing and fusion, decision making, and execution • Real-time distributed information management Sensing, Networking, Processing, Resource Management and Information Management Are Highly Interdependent

9. Challenges Same challenges as the last 50 years BUT they have not been solved and we are scaling by three orders of magnitude • Scale, flexibility, resiliency, … • Security/privacy/… • Information level plug and play • Resource management • Data/information/knowledge management; information managers • Fusion, opportunistic exploitation, cross cueing, … • Testbed

10. Revolutions are HappeningScale, Flexibility, Resiliency, … Moore’s Law Actuation Sensing Communication Processing & Storage SCALE,SCALE,SCALE

11. Revolutions are HappeningScale, Flexibility, Resiliency, … • How to understand and control Complex Adaptive Systems? • Emergent behaviors • Modeling and simulation to anticipate and predict behavior • How to define and manage shared resources? • Granularity • Multiple managers • How to build resilientnetworks and services? • Self aware • Fault tolerant • Isolation • What are the attributes of a good netted sensors architecture? • Flexible • Scalable • Adaptable

12. Security/Privacy/… • Identity Management • Authentication • Access controls • Intrusion Detection • Encryption Can current enterprise security solutions be adapted to netted sensors scales?

13. Security/Privacy/… • What are the right security architectures for netted sensors? • Scale • Integration into other networks • Local versus global – light weight versus heavy weight. • How to protect against spoofing ? • At the network layer • At the phenomenology level • Do current commercial solutions help? • Digital rights management • Licensing • Policy driven access control • How will privacy be handled? • Pervasiveness of sensors, • Data mining • Information aggregation • Can Encryption help? • Effective key management for billions of objects • Group keying; sleeper keying

14. Subscribe Subscribe Plug and Play – Information LevelBrokered Information Sharing Information Subscribers Manager Publishers (sets policy, access, priority) Publish Publish user user Information Broker sensor sensor legacy legacy Web Web Services Services Web Services Web Services

15. Plug and Play – Information LevelBrokered Information Sharing • Web Services for • Real-time • Light-weight applications • Sharing information and services across multiple large (and at times overlapping) netted sensors enterprises • Balancing autonomy and control • Composable systems • Predictable fabrication of discovered services • Predictable performance • Defining granularity • Policy management for information sharing • Shared services and distributed management • Loose collection of services • Managing Quality of Service

16. Plug and Play – Information LevelThe Semantic Web • The ability to access any electronic information from any location is becoming a reality • Semantic Web - Put the “smarts” in the data, not the application http://www.mcdonaldbradley.com/

17. Plug and Play – Information LevelThe Semantic Web • Semantic Challenges • Scale • Approaches to service description and discovery, • Automatic techniques and tools for: • knowledge learning/compilation; • real time integration of ontologies within common domains • Approaches to trust, reputation, use/intent, context, policy, and security • Standard rule languages • Techniques and tools for communities of interest integration

18. Challenges Same challenges as the last 50 years BUT they have not been solved and we are scaling by three orders of magnitude • Scale, flexibility, resiliency, … • Security/privacy/… • Information level plug and play • Resource management • Data/information/knowledge management; information managers • Fusion, opportunistic exploitation, cross cueing, … • Testbed • Integrated complex adaptive systems

19. Revolutions are HappeningManaging Innovation Discontinuous Innovation Need forCapability Need for Products & Services Feedback on Actions & Learning Feedback on Actions & Learning Strategy Research Customer Development Supply Architecture & Capability Platform Development Strategic Intent Resource Allocation (Goals) Supply Products & Services Supply Capability Development Marketing1: What product or service do you want (Explicit Knowledge) From: Fourth Generation R&D: Managing Knowledge, Technology and Innovation - William L. Miller, Langdon Morris; 1991 Marketing2: What capability do you want? (Tacit Knowledge)

20. Business Model – a 30 year challenge How do you make distributed smart objects real in the market place?