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Final exam

Final exam. Lisaldo ayala Andre Macfie Joseph Reinhard. Characteristics of eubacteria and arch bacteria!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.

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Final exam

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  1. Final exam Lisaldo ayala Andre Macfie Joseph Reinhard

  2. Characteristics of eubacteria and arch bacteria!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! • Archaebacteria are no longer considered to be bacteria but have a new identity, that having a unique evolutionary history and now called as Archae. They are single-celled organisms, much like eubacteria, and have no cell nucleus or cell organelles. • Eubacteria are a group of unicellular organisms and are similar to archae in not having cell nucleus or organelles.

  3. 3 ways bacteria is important • Bacteria play a very important part in the biosphere. Basically, we could not live with out them. List three ways bacteria are helpful to humans.  •  Bacteria in the gut produce vitamin K • E. coli can be genetically modified to produce medicinal products e.g. can be modified to produce insulin

  4. 7 diseases from bacteria • Bacterial::1) Tetanus==by bacterium Colstirdium tetani2) Typorid fever==bacterium salmonella3) Cholera==caused by vibrio cholerae4) Plague caused by Yesenia pests5) Syphilis== bacterium Treponema pallida6) Gonorrhea triggered by Neisseria7) Tuberculosis==Koch bacteria

  5. Favorite enviorment for bacteria • A warm (but not too warm) environment with the necessary nutrition.

  6. Importance of capsid • The capsid protein contains proteins that allow the virus to enter the host cell. Without the host cell the virus can not grow/reproduce.

  7. Structure of the virus • Viruses consist of strands of the genetic material nucleic acid, the basis of a genome, which is surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. The capsid protects the genome and gives the virus its shape. Viruses may be either helical or icosahedral. Some viruses display a combination of helical and icosahedral symmetry, known as complex symmetry. The capsid is often subdivided into individual protein subunits called capsomeres. The organization of the capsomeres yields the symmetry of the virus. Animal viruses often form an envelope around the capsid. This envelope is rich in proteins, lipids, and glycoprotein molecules.

  8. 5 viral diseases • Cold, Flu, Polio, Cancer, Warts

  9. How viruses cause diseases • • Some viruses cause lysosomes to release their hydrolytic enzymes, which thendestroy the host cell.• Some induce the host cell to synthesize toxins that cause a disease• Some have toxic proteins in their envelope

  10. Viruses vs living cells • A virus is not living. • A cell is living • A virus attacks a cell • We need cells.

  11. Viruses vs bacteria • A virus is to reproduce with a cell. • Bacteria splits. • Virus is deadly. • Bacteria leads to viruses.

  12. Plants Rosalina, Jasmine, Daquan,Danny

  13. The first land plants evolved from what organism? • bacteria

  14. What is the function of the stomata? • Allows carbon dioxide and oxygen to diffuse into and out the leaf.

  15. The female sex gamete in plants is the? • ovule

  16. The male sex gamete in plants is the? • Pollen grains

  17. For monocots, what are the characteristics of the roots , stem, seeds, leaves? • Spread out roots • Sticking out • cotyledon • scattered tissue.

  18. For dicots , what are the characteristics of the roots, stem, seed and leaves. Two cotyledons Floral parts in 4s or fives net like leaf veins Pollen grains has 3 pores or furrows stem vascular arranged in circle

  19. The two groups of angiosperms are differentiated by the number of? • Cotyledons

  20. The bright colors found on plants are an adaptation that aids in what type of pollination? • Animal pollination

  21. Ecology By: Felipe Luna Edgar Alvarado Kristian Guntalilib (;

  22. Ecology Q: What is the 10% rule? What happened to the other 90%? A: 10% of energy goes to the predator.

  23. Ecology Q: What is an autotroph? A: Makes its own food.

  24. Ecology Q: What is heterotroph? A: Has to get its own food

  25. Ecology Q: Explain the 3 types of symbiotic relationships (mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism) A: Mutualism = Both organisms benefit, Commensalism = One organism benefits & other is not affected Parasitism = One benefits & other is hurt or killed.

  26. Ecology • Q: What are the 3 trophic levels in an ecological pyramid? A: Producers-Grasses Consumers-Cow Decomposers-Bacteria

  27. Ecology • Construct a food web in which snakes eat mice ;toads eat beetles; owls eat mice & toads; eagles eat rabbits, snakes & owls; cougars eat deer; and foxes eat rabbits and mice. Be sure to include a decomposer.

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