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Understanding Ser and Estar: Usage and Differences

Learn the basic definitions and usage of Ser and Estar verbs in Spanish, including when to use each verb for different situations. Understand how to express professions, origins, identities, nationalities, time, and locations with these verbs. Practice identifying inherent traits and emotional states with examples.

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Understanding Ser and Estar: Usage and Differences

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  1. To BE or To BE • A few notes about the • USAGE of • SER and ESTAR

  2. Basic Definitions • Ser is to express a concept or situation / item that won’t likely change • Estar is to express current situations that are usually not permanent

  3. SER = to be (existence verb)

  4. Use SER for the following reasons: • P • O • I • N • T _ • D.

  5. Use SER for the following reasons: • Profession or Possession • Origin • Inherent Identity traits • Nationality • Time • D. day, date, definition of people

  6. Profession Mesero/a Camarero/a • Profesor/a Maestro/a • Estudiante Alumno/a • Director/a fotógrafo/a • Músico/a Plomero/a • Medico/a Doctor/a Enfermero/a

  7. Possession ¿De quién es [item] ? [Item] es de {person/s}. ¿De quién son [items – plural]? [Items] son de {person/s}.

  8. Origin“De + Place” • ¿De dónde eres tú? • ¿De dónde es Ud.? • (Yo) soy de _____ • ¿De dónde son Uds.? • (Nosotros) somos de______.

  9. ***Inherent Identity***basic characteristics, rarely change Size or shape(grande,pequeño, gordo, flaco) Height or length(alto, bajo, largo, corto) Identity:hombre, mujer, muchacho/a, joven, viejo/a, bonito/a, feo/a Color

  10. Nationality mexicano/a cubano/a puertorriqueño/a estadounidense canadiense vietnamita

  11. Time • ¿Qué hora es? • Es la una /// Son las (dos). • ¿A qué hora es la clase? • La clase es a las _____. • Temprano (early) • Tarde(late)

  12. Day / Date, Definition Day:¿Qué día es hoy? Hoy es (l, m, m, j, v, s, d). Date:¿Cuál es la fecha? Es el ____(number) de _____ (month). **Definition: 2 terms for same person La Sra. Armendariz es mi profesora.

  13. Estar = to be… located, to feel

  14. Use ESTAR for the following reasons: • L • A • C • E

  15. Use ESTAR for the following reasons: • Locations “en + place” • Actions in progress “--ing” • Conditions - can change with time or help • Emotions (feelings)

  16. Location • ***Dónde está(s)?*** • Está / estoy en + place **aquí **allí **allá

  17. Rima • Izquierda, derecha • Delante, detrás • Cerca y lejos • ….Y algo mas… • Abajo, arriba • Enfrente, encima • Y ahora muchachos, se acaba la rima! detrás delante

  18. Action in Progress Use a form of estar to indicate the subject Add a form of “present participle” [-ndo] to represent [-ing] verb that is “in the process” of occurring.

  19. Present Participle formation(see p. 308 Realidades Uno for more info.) • AR verbs drop the “ar” and replace it with “ando”

  20. -ER and -IR verbs • ER and IR verbs drop the “er” or “ir” and replace with “iendo”.

  21. Present Participle Special Exceptions • Rare exceptions with 3+ vowels: “iendo” becomes “yendo” • Ex: le-er > leiendo > leYendo • tra-er > traeiendo > traYendo

  22. Conditions“here today, gone tomorrow” **¿Cómo está(s)? Bien / mal Enfermo/a Cansado/a Ocupado/a (no) de acuerdo Rico/a, delicioso/a (comida) Tranquilo/a

  23. Emotions (“nothing more than feelings”) Contento/a – Feliz Enojado/a (angry) Frustrado/a Emocionado/a Triste Preocupado/a (worried)

  24. Ready for a Quiz???¿Estás listo/a [preparado(a)] para una prueba?

  25. What is the “clue” phrase for origin? • En + place • De + place • Estadounidenses

  26. Which word does NOT indicate an identity trait? (ser family) antipático/a rosado/a fácil desordenado/a difícil delicioso/a corto/a introvertido/a

  27. Which word does NOT indicate a condition or emotion? (estar family) ocupado/a furioso/a contento/a cansado/a pequeño/a enojado/a loco/a triste delicioso/a

  28. Associate the Opposites (estar) Cerca Abajo Derecha Mal De acuerdo Nervioso/a Emocionado/a

  29. Associate the Opposites (ser) Largo/a Feo/a Aburrido/a Pequeño/a Antipático/a Viejo/a Barato/a mayor

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