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第 22 讲

第 22 讲. -ED 分词. 22.1 –ed 分词作前置修饰语. 1. 来自及物动词的 -ed 分词作前置修饰语： 来自及物动词的 -ed 分词作前置修饰语通常由被动意义和完成意义： Eg. frozen food, a board traveler, a lost cause, a conquered army, a finished article, the spoken word, a recorded talk, a closed shop, written language. 2. 来自不及物动词的 -ed 分词作前置修饰语：

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第 22 讲

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  1. 第22讲 -ED分词

  2. 22.1 –ed分词作前置修饰语 • 1. 来自及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语： • 来自及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语通常由被动意义和完成意义： • Eg. frozen food, a board traveler, a lost cause, a conquered army, a finished article, the spoken word, a recorded talk, a closed shop, written language.

  3. 2. 来自不及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语： • 来自不及物动词的-ed分词很少能单独用作前置修饰语，这种用法的仅限于下面几个词，仅表示完成意义，不表示被动意义。 • Eg. a retired worker, an escaped prisoner, a faded flower, fallen leaves, an expired lease, the risen sun, a returned student, the vanished treasure, a grown man

  4. 1. 古英语遗留下来的几个-ed分词用法问题： 22.2 –ed 分词作补语

  5. 2. 能带-ed分词作宾语补语的动词分类： • 第一类包括：see, hear, feel, find, think等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。 • 第二类包括：make, get, have, keep等表示致使意义的动词。 • 第三类包括：like, want, wish, order 等表示希望、要求、命令的意义的动词。

  6. 22.3 关于“悬垂分词” • “悬垂分词” (dangling participle),又叫“无依着分词”（unattached participle）,指-ing分词或-ed分词结构在句中找不到它的逻辑主语，因而处于一种“悬垂”状态，即“无依着”状态。

  7. 1. “依着法则”和“悬垂分词”： • 当-ing分词或-ed分词结构在句中起关系分句或状语分句作用时，它们都有逻辑主语，这种逻辑主语有时就是主句的主语。 • Eg. Sitting at the back as we are, we can’t hear a word. • Jolted by the collision, Harry suffered a sprained back and a broken knee.

  8. 2. 关于“悬垂分词”的可接受性问题。 • 科技语体中， “悬垂分词”以及无依着的不定式结构用得较多，如：Using the electric energy, it is necessary to change its form. • To determine the number of cells, a sample is put under a microscope. • 但有些“悬垂分词”结构，在理解上会引起歧义或在表以上会引起混乱，这种“悬垂分词”结构是不可接受的。 • Eg. Opening the cupboard, a skeleton fell out. （wrong） • Grilled on charcoal, we liked the fish much better. （wrong）

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