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Alkanoic Acids

Alkanoic acids, commonly known as carboxylic acids, are organic compounds resembling alkanes but contain a carboxyl group (-COOH). They share the same naming conventions as alkanes, ending with “oic” (e.g., methanoic acid, HCOOH, is the first alkanoic acid). The naming rules involve counting the carbon atoms in the chain, identifying the parent alkanol, and replacing the “-ol” suffix with “-oic acid.” This guide covers the structural formulas and key characteristics of various alkanoic acids, enhancing your understanding of these vital organic compounds.

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Alkanoic Acids

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  1. Alkanoic Acids

  2. Carboxyl functional group • They look like alkanes but contain a carboxyl (COOH) group. • Same names as alkanes but end in “oic”. e.g. first alkanoic acid is METHANOIC ACID. e.g.  Full structural formula HCOOH Or HCO2H  Shortened structural formula

  3. HCOOH CH3COOH CH3CH2COOH CH3CH2CH2COOH or CH3(CH2)2COOH

  4. CH3-(CH2)3-COOH CH3-(CH2)4-COOH CH3-(CH2)5-COOH CH3-(CH2)6-COOH

  5. Naming Alkanoic Acids Rules • Count the number of atoms in the carbon chain to give the name of the parent alkanol. 2. Remove the –ol ending of the parent alkanol and replace it by –oic acid.

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