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Histology

Histology. Take home message: Why an organism needs four tissue types How they work together How they aid in specific body processes. Do NOT having memorize specific tissue types with very little detail or understanding.

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Histology

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  1. Histology • Take home message: • Why an organism needs four tissue types • How they work together • How they aid in specific body processes. • Do NOT having memorize specific tissue types with very little detail or understanding. (Thanks to Jen Jost (USC Biology, Helmuth Lab) for creating this Power Point Presentation)

  2. Objectives of laboratory exercise • To be able to explain the form and function of the four types of tissues. • To describe how these four tissues are able to work together to form a complete organism.

  3. Introduction to Histology • Four basic tissue types: • Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous • All organisms are composed of ONLY these four tissue types • Tissue types are organized to form organs, which form the functional systems of the body

  4. Epithelial tissuePg 154-155; slides 157-158 Cells are bound tightly together Little extracellular material Often control passage of material Function: covers the internal and external surfaces of the body Four types: Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and transitional Organized in layers: simple or stratified

  5. Transitional epithelial: found in the bladder Stretches as the bladder becomes full Examples: Epithelial

  6. Examples: Epithelial • Simple squamous: lines blood vessels and lungs • Allows for increased blood flow and increased oxygen diffusion

  7. Examples: Epithelial • Stratified squamous: lines the mouth, esophagus, cervix and skin • Several layers offers protection to outer layers and membranes of body.

  8. Examples: Epithelial • Simple columnar: digestive tracts • Cells mixed with goblet cells that secrete mucous to aid in digestion

  9. Example Location Shape (form) Function Transitional epithelium Bladder Layer with no specific shape, Cells can stretch Allow bladder to stretch as it fills Simple squamous Lungs, blood vessels Flat and thin layer Increase flow and absorption rate through tubes Stratified squamous Skin, esophagus, mouth cervix Several layers of thin flat cells Provide protection from abrasions Simple columnar Digestive tract One cell layer of rectangular cells mixed with goblet (mucous –producing) cells Aid in digestion with mucous production

  10. Connective • Function: Bind and support other tissues • Several types: • Bone • Blood • CT proper: dense and loose • Adipose • Cartilage

  11. Examples: Connective • CT proper: • Loose: ECM • Dense: tendons and ligaments

  12. Examples: Connective • Blood • To circulate materials throughout the organism • RBC’s: contain hemoglobin to allow for oxygen to be carried to the tissues.

  13. Examples: Connective • Cartilage: vary in # of fibers • Hyaline: ribs, trachea • Elastic: ears, larynx • Fibro: spinal chord

  14. Examples: Connective • Adipose tissue: • Insulation • Storage

  15. Muscle tissue • Function: Able to contract for locomotion. • Three types: skeletal, cardiac and smooth

  16. Muscle tissue • Skeletal: • voluntary, striated, multinucleate cells • Muscles attached to bones for voluntary movement

  17. Muscle tissue • Smooth: • Non-striated, spindle-shaped, uni-nucleate involuntary cells • Muscles found in digestive tract, respiratory tract, etc.

  18. Muscle tissue • Cardiac:involuntary, striated, branched, uni-nucleate cells • Only found in the heart

  19. Nervous tissue • Function: Respond to stimuli and transmit impulses. • Cells are called neurons • Composed of cell body, axon and dendrites. • Single cell may run up to several feet long.

  20. Test yourself! • Work with another student (pairs) • Note the location in the body • Identify what type of tissue is in the slide • Connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous • Describe the structure (squamous, striated, etc.) and Function (exchange of materials) • Guess about what disease/injury is shown • Healthy tissue is on left and • Diseased/ Damaged tissue is on right.

  21. Healthy Diseased Mystery slide #1 - Coronary artery

  22. Healthy Diseased Mystery slide #2 Alveoli of lungs

  23. Healthy Diseased Mystery slide #3 Alveoli of lungs

  24. Healthy Diseased Mystery slide #4 You should know this healthy tissue - no hints

  25. Mystery slide #5 Brain Healthy Diseased

  26. Mystery slide #6 Lining of the cervix Healthy Diseased

  27. Mystery slide #7 Esophagus Healthy Diseased

  28. Mystery slide #8 Bone Healthy Diseased

  29. Healthy Damaged Mystery slide #9 Mammary gland

  30. Mystery slide #10 Lining of the stomach Healthy Diseased

  31. Mystery slide #11 You should recognize this healthy tissue too. Healthy Damaged

  32. Healthy Damaged Mystery slide #12 You should recognize this healthy tissue too.

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