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Department of Humanities Degree course in Communication Sciences Contemporary history

Department of Humanities Degree course in Communication Sciences Contemporary history Teachers : G. Battelli and A. Fontana Academic year 2012-2013. Entrance text. 1) Con quali espressioni latine si indicano gli eventi storici e il loro studio? a) Historia , studium

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Department of Humanities Degree course in Communication Sciences Contemporary history

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  1. DepartmentofHumanities Degreecourse in CommunicationSciences Contemporaryhistory Teachers: G. Battelli and A. Fontana Academicyear 2012-2013

  2. Entrance text 1) Con quali espressioni latine si indicano gli eventi storici e il loro studio? a) Historia, studium b) Resgestae, historia rerum gestarum c) Historiamagistra vitae, vaevictis 2) Il “terminus post quem” dell’età contemporanea a)Inizio Novecento b)Seconda metà del Settecento c)11 settembre 2001 3) Il “terminus ante quem” dell’età medievale a) 1789 b) 1492 c) 476 4) Cosa significa periodizzare a) Dare il nome a un dato periodo storico b)Decidere se un evento storico appartiene o meno a un dato periodo c) Formulare una ipotesi di suddivisione del tempo 5) La proposta di periodizzazione “europea” è universalmente accolta come valida? a) Sì e costituisce il modello per ogni tipo di approccio storiografico b) No ed è in particolare contestata dagli esponenti della “global history” c) Il problema non esiste 6) Cosa intendiamo per “global history” a) Una ricostruzione della storia mondiale che tiene conto di tutte le singole storie nazionali b)Un approccio alla storia che considera come oggetto di studio i fenomeni interculturali accertati nelle diverse epoche c)La storia mondiale negli anni recenti della “globalizzazione” 7) Completa il classico motto di L. von Ranke: wiees… a)… gibtmireinApfel b)… bleibtohneStimme c)… eigentlichgewesenist 8) In cosa è consistito il passaggio alla storiografia novecentesca delle Annales? a)Nel superamento della centralità delle fonti per il lavoro storiografico b)Nell’allargamento dell’approccio: dalla storia politico-diplomatica alla storia dal basso, alla storia materiale… c) Nell’introduzione dell’informatica nello studio della storia 9) Su cosa si fonda il principio della centralità delle fonti nello studio della storia? a) Sul fatto che solo a partire da esse si può tentare la ricostruzione del passato b) Le fonti ci offrono una visione oggettiva di quanto è accaduto c)Sono le fonti a fornire la base per la periodizzazione di un’epoca 10) Il compito dello studioso di storia a) Raccogliere elementi sicuri per giudicare le vicende del passato b) Trovare analogie tra precedenti storici e situazioni del presente c) Conoscere e capire il passato

  3. The question of periodization Materialsusedduringclasses • J.H. Bentley, Cross-culturalinteraction and periodization in world history

  4. Howstudyinghistory • Identity asnormalelement of human selfbelieving • Itschangeintoprejudice • The main goal of historicalstudy: to know, to understand, not to judge

  5. Text after part A 1) Con quali espressioni latine si indicano gli eventi storici e il loro studio? (46) a) Historia, studium b) Resgestae, historia rerum gestarum c) Historiamagistra vitae, vaevictis 2) Il “terminus post quem” dell’età contemporanea (36) a)Inizio Novecento b)Seconda metà del Settecento c)11 settembre 2001 3) Il “terminus ante quem” dell’età medievale (20) a) 1789 b) 1492 c) 476 4) Cosa significa periodizzare (37) a) Dare il nome a un dato periodo storico b)Decidere se un evento storico appartiene o meno a un dato periodo c) Formulare una ipotesi di suddivisione del tempo 5) La proposta di periodizzazione “europea” è universalmente accolta come valida? (40) a) Sì e costituisce il modello per ogni tipo di approccio storiografico b) No ed è in particolare contestata dagli esponenti della “global history” c) Il problema non esiste 6) Cosa intendiamo per “global history”(35) a) Una ricostruzione della storia mondiale che tiene conto di tutte le singole storie nazionali b)Un approccio alla storia che considera come oggetto di studio i fenomeni interculturali accertati nelle diverse epoche c)La storia mondiale negli anni recenti della “globalizzazione” 7) Completa il classico motto di L. von Ranke: wiees…(48) a)… gibtmireinApfel b)… bleibtohneStimme c)… eigentlichgewesenist 8) In cosa è consistito il passaggio alla storiografia novecentesca delle Annales? (35) a)Nel superamento della centralità delle fonti per il lavoro storiografico b)Nell’allargamento dell’approccio: dalla storia politico-diplomatica alla storia dal basso, alla storia materiale… c) Nell’introduzione dell’informatica nello studio della storia 9) Su cosa si fonda il principio della centralità delle fonti nello studio della storia? (33) a) Sul fatto che solo a partire da esse si può tentare la ricostruzione del passato b) Le fonti ci offrono una visione oggettiva di quanto è accaduto c)Sono le fonti a fornire la base per la periodizzazione di un’epoca 10) Il compito dello studioso di storia(34) a) Raccogliere elementi sicuri per giudicare le vicende del passato b) Trovare analogie tra precedenti storici e situazioni del presente c) Conoscere e capire il passato

  6. SourcesA classical exampleInaugural address of President John F. Kennedy (January 20th 1961)

  7. SourcesWoman iconology 1) Renoir, Bal au Moulin de la Galette 2) La triplice Intesa 3) Millet, Des glaneuses, ou Les glaneuses 4) Pellizza da Volpedo, Quarto stato

  8. SourcesAn unusual example

  9. Europe and the other world areasduring 19° century: the shapeof a solar system 9

  10. Europe on 1815the «europeanconcert»

  11. The Monroe doctrine Of events in that quarter of the globe, with which we have so much intercourse and from which we derive our origin, we have always been anxious and interested spectators. The citizens of the United States cherish sentiments the most friendly in favour of the liberty and happiness of their fellow-men on that side of the Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers in matters relating to themselves we have never taken any part, nor does it comport with our policy to do so. It is only when our rights are invaded or seriously menaced that we resent injuries or make preparation for our defense. With the movements in this hemisphere we are of necessity more immediately connected, and by causes which must be obvious to all enlightened and impartial observers. The political system of the allied powers is essentially different in this respect from that of America. This difference proceeds from that which exists in their respective Governments; and to the defense of our own, which has been achieved by the loss of so much blood and treasure, and matured by the wisdom of their most enlightened citizens, and under which we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this whole nation is devoted. We owe it, therefore, to candour and to the amicable relations existing between the United States and those powers to declare that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power we have not interfered and shall not interfere. But with the Governments who have declared their independence and maintain it, and whose independence we have, on great consideration and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any European power in any other light than as the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States.

  12. The Great Bulgary and the Berlincongress I

  13. Africa and Berlincongress II

  14. Africa on 1914

  15. Europe’s geopolitical map close before First World War

  16. Austrian declaration of war to Serbia

  17. The Balfourdeclaration

  18. League ofNations

  19. Europe’s geopolical map after First World War 19

  20. World war II europeanalliances

  21. Yalta meeting

  22. UnitedNations Nameofgeneralsecretaries • TrygveLie (Norvegia: 1946-1952) • DagHammarskjold (Svezia: 1953-1961) • U Thant (Birmania: 1961-1971) • Kurt Waldheim (Austria: 1972-1981) • Javier Perez de Cuellar (Perù: 1982-1991) • BoutrosBoutros-Ghali (Egitto: 1992-1996) • Kofi Annan (Ghana: 1997-2006) • BanKi-Moon (Corea del Sud: 2007-2016 NumberofStatesmembers: • 1945-1955: 51 • 1955-1965: 76 • 1965-1975: 117 • 1975-1985: 144 • 1985-1995: 159 • 1995-2005: 185 • 2005-2013: 193

  23. The late XX centurybipolarsystem 24

  24. Berlin wall

  25. Cold war bipolarsystem

  26. The iron curtain

  27. Balance of terror

  28. The collapse of Soviet Union and of the european communist States system (1989-1991)

  29. 1991-2001A new “imperial” age

  30. The XXI centuryToward a furthermultipolarsystem

  31. Montesquieu model

  32. Hegel model Bellum omnium contra omnes (Th. Hobbes) French revolution and freedom: a great but dangerous achievement From individual freedom to Ethical State Society and State in the postrevolutionary age of first 19th century

  33. Liberalism Origins: John Locke and others (since the end of 17th century) Main aim: individual freedom Political liberalism: constitutionalism, division of powers, light State Intellectual liberalism: tolerance toward ideas, religion, race Economical liberalism (that’s to say: liberism): laissez-faire, leading role of the market

  34. Marxism From utopistic socialism to historical materialism K. Marx’s role Structure and superstructure in the history Society over State (againstHegel) Mankind history based on the struggle among social classes to control production means During 19° century this struggle concerns two classes: bourgeoisie and proletariat Main aim: no social differencies system, classless and Stateless society

  35. Fascism-Nazism Origin of the phenomenon: european postwar crisis of Liberal State Italy and Germany as principal cases: historical survey Main aim: totalitarian control of the society Political Nazi-Fascism: State supremacy (Italy); people (Volk) centrality (Germany) Basic elements: homeland, race, leader … (“Fűhrer” in Germany, “duce” [from latin “dux”] in Italy) Antiliberal and antidemocratic systems Italy: semitotalitarian outcome (other institutional protagonists stood: Monarchy and Vatican) Germany: totalitarian outcome (nothing out of nazi system)

  36. The slow movementtowarddemocracy The aristocraticpower Middle classgrowth First politicalassociations From electoralcommittees to mass parties The educational task of the parties From the learning party to the machine-system party Over the parties?

  37. Universal suffrage

  38. Nowadaysshapes of government(seenext slide)

  39. [seeprevious slide] orange - parliamentary republics green - presidential republics, executive presidency linked to a parliament yellow - presidential republics, semi-presidential system blue - presidential republics, full presidential system red - parliamentary constitutional monarchies in which the monarch does not personally exercise power magenta - constitutional monarchies in which the monarch personally exercises power, often (but not always) alongside a weak parliament purple - absolute monarchies brown - republics where the dominant role of a single party is codified in the constitution beige - states where constitutional provisions for government have been suspended grey - countries which do not fit any of the above systems

  40. Images about the first industrialization

  41. Assembly line

  42. From assembly line to lean production

  43. GDP (1929=100) • Stato 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 • Stati Uniti 83 69 55 63 69 79 • Gran Bretagna 94 86 89 95 105 114 • Francia 99 85 74 83 79 • Germania 86 72 59 68 83 96 • Austria 91 78 66 68 75 • Italia 93 84 77 83 85 • U.R.S.S. 183

  44. Subprimeloan

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