Baltic Sea Regional Advisory Council as a hybrid management framework

1. Baltic Sea Regional Advisory Council as a hybrid management framework Robert Aps University of Tartu, Estonian Marine Institute Hans Lassen ICES

2. Theory Hybrid management From boundary objects to boundary organizations Succes of boundary organization Setting the TACs IBSFC BS RAC Negotiation context Co-production of science and policy ICES advisory process - science based advice (opinion) Bridging the gap between science and stakeholders BaltFishPlan � 7 FP GAP I portfolio project OUTLINE

3. THEORY

4. Hybrid management focuses on the functions of organizations enagged in co-production including such functions as hybridization, deconstruction, boundary work and cross-domain orchestration Clark Miller 2001 Hybrid management

5. Hybridization: fusing together of technical and social/policy elements Deconstruction: analysis of hybrids to identify and reveal their technical and social/policy elements Boundary work: establish and maintain boundaries between different forms of social life Cross-domain orchestration: co-ordinate activities taking place in multiple domains Clark Miller, 2001 Hybrid management

6. The concept of boundary objects is an important innovation in the study of collaboration and information practices and systems. Creation of boundary objects is a key element in collaboration between communities of practice David H. Guston 2001 From boundary objects to boundary organizations

7. Concept of boundary objects relies heavily on the concept of standardization and examples of boundary objects are typically things with a standardized structure such as forms, maps, and grades Boundary objects are created when different groups work together Boundary objects are those objects that both inhabit several communities of practice and satisfy the informational requirements of each of them David H. Guston 2001 From boundary objects to boundary organizations

8. Determined by principals on either side of the boundary Co-production facilitating collaboration between scientists and non-scientists Creating stability through generation of boundary objects and standartized packages Jasanoff, 1996 The success of a boudary organization

9. SETTING THE TACs

10. IBSFC: �PACKAGE DEAL� BALANCE

11. �PAPERFISH�: BALTIC HERRING

12. �PAPERFISH�: BALTIC SPRAT

13. An international boundary organization mixing scientific and political elements, and supporting related productive and dynamic relationships Mediating between the institutions of science, fisheries� associations, producer organisations, processors, market organisations, environmental NGOs, aquaculture producers, consumers, women�s networks and recreational and sports fishermen, and the institutions of politics Baltic Sea Regional Advisory Council

14. Influenced by the goals justified and adopted by its members Largely based on ICES science based opinion as the BOUNDARY OBJECT(S) Subjective justification of a goal comes from the fact that the stakeholder believes that it can achieve the goal Objective justification comes from the beliefs that justify the existence of the goal BS RAC consultation process

15. Hybridization: fusing together of biological, economic, social and policy elements Deconstruction: identifying and reveiling biological, economic, social and policy elements of hybrids Boundary work: stabilizing the relations of main interest groups concerned Cross-domain orchestration: balancing the interests of the main stakeholders involved Creation of boundary objects (advisory documents) with different groups working together BS RAC consultation process

16. Commissioner Borg (September 2008): at present, the fleet is capable of catching between two and three times the maximum sustainable yield Matching fishing effort to available resources is considered to be an important precondition for sustainable use of fish stocks and removal of excess capacity is regarded, therefore, as an important objective NEGOTIATION CONTEXT

17. European Court of Auditors (2007): the incompleteness and unreliability of catch data prevent the TAC and quota system, which is a cornerstone in the management of Community fisheries resources, from functioning properly while the regulatory framework and the procedures in force guarantee neither the exhaustiveness of data collection, nor the detection of inconsistencies during validation NEGOTIATION CONTEXT

18. The European Court of Auditors (2007): When the Council of Ministers adopts the TAC and quotas it acts as an arbiter between divergent short-term interests, environmental on the one hand, and socio-economic on the other. In doing so it may authorize catch quantities that are higher than those recommended by the scientists, in order to protect the immediate social and economic interests of those employed in the industry. Furthermore, the Council's choices are made without any means of evaluating objectively how the catch levels will impact on any of those interests NEGOTIATION CONTEXT

19. European Court of Auditors (2007): the current system of giving responsibility for managing capacity to the Member States and focusing Community action on fishing effort limitation does not include any measure of constraint which could lead to a reduction in this overcapacity, and the problem of overcapacity therefore seems likely to persist in years to come and will continue to have a bearing on compliance with Common Fisheries Policy rules in general, and on setting negotiated TACs and quotas in particular. NEGOTIATION CONTEXT

20. Co-production of science and policy

21. Science is surely political � in the sense that its activities shape the distribution of power in modern societies (Clark Miller, 2001) ICES is an institution that increasingly mediate between the institutions of �science� and the institutions of �politics� ICES as the boundary organization

22. Hybridization (put scientific and political elements together, e.g. ecosystem based approach) Deconstruction (ACOM, SciCOM - take scientific and political elements apart) Boundary work (science � policy interface) Cross-domain orchestration (inter- and cross-disciplinary research co-ordination, linking the domains of natual, social and political sciences) Creation of boundary objects (integrated science based opinion) with different groups working together � opening the advisory process to all stakeholders concerned ICES advisory process

23. BRIDGING THE GAP

24. Knowledge about human uses of the marine environment is not only critical for assessing threats to marine resources, but also for understanding the social, economic, and cultural values associated with uses and the potential impacts of management measures on human communities Understanding human activities

25. 7 FP �Bridging the gap between science and stakeholders: Phase 1 � Common Ground� (GAP I) � 2008-2009 The need to further integrate the scientists and and fishers knowledge with aim 1) to identify and map the Baltic fisheries priority areas in order to support, present and protect fisheries interests in the context of spatial planning, and 2) to support implementation of ecosystem based approach to fisheries management BaltFishPlan � project proposal under GAP I Framework

26. The Baltic Sea is recognized as a common spatial resource and the BaltFishPlan will contribute: 1) to national and transnational solutions in reconciliation of interests of various stakeholders and sea users, and 2) to development of common and environmentally friendly standards in onshore and offshore planning of the maritime space BaltFishPlan � project proposal under GAP I Framework

27. GIS is viewed and treated as an innovation (Rogers, 1993) GIS is related to innovation diffusion - process of adopting innovative ideas, practices or objects GIS as a powerful boundary object

28. GIS - an ideal tool for decision makers and conservation planning due to functionalities that allow the integration of physical, biological, and socioeconomic data into a single spatial frame of reference GIS platform allows for the integration of data with different spatial and temporal scales, the application of a broad suite of software tools including statistical packages, and the visual representation and manipulation of data through user interfaces. GIS as a platform for participatory research

29. GIS based participatory research can: increase the legitimacy of the planning process in which the data collection efforts are embedded, foster greater cooperation and consensus building, and increase the long-term viability of the management decisions GIS platform for participatory research

30. ESSENTIAL FISH HABITAT: calculated probability of spatial distribution of F. vesiculosus along the Estonian coast of the Gulf of Finland - spatial visualization of the Baltic herring's potential spawning and nursery habitats in the coastal area concerned

31. Baltic herring (ICES SD 25-29, 32) average biomass (t nm-2)hydro-acoustic estimates by ICES rectangles for the period 1991-2007

32. Standard error (t nm ) of Baltic herring (ICES SD 25-29, 32)average biomass estimates by ICES rectangles for the period 1991-2007

33. The paper was prepared with funding provided by the European Commission Research Directorates through the EU FP7 project GAP I �Bridging the gap between science and stakeholders: Phase 1 � Common Ground� Acknowledgements

34. THANK YOU