Chapter 11 Review

1. Chapter 11 Review

2. 1. What caused the American fur trade to move westward in the early 1800s? a. Fur companies wiped out the beaver population in the East in their effort to meet European demand for the popular “high hat.” b. Fur trappers called “mountain men” wanted to be the first to map western territory and asked the American Fur Company to sponsor their journey. c. The American Fur Company sent mountain men to the West in its effort to beat its competitors from Europe and the East. d. American Indian trappers from the Pacific Northwest were acclaimed for their skill and eastern companies wanted to know their secrets.

3. a. Fur companies wiped out the beaver population in the East in their effort to meet European demand for the popular “high hat.”

4. 2. All of these were challenges that pioneers faced on the Oregon Trail EXCEPT? a. shortages of food, supplies, and water b. mistreatment by American Indians c. barriers such as mountains d. the high cost of moving a family

5. b. mistreatment by American Indians

6. 3. Which was true about the Oregon Trail? a. It ran through the Appalachian Mountains. b. It was a gravel paved road that made travel much easier than normal trails c. It required protection by U.S. government troops. d. It took six months to travel.

7. d. It took six months to travel.

8. 4. When they first moved from New York in the early 1830s, what did Mormons hope to find in the West? a. gold and other natural resources b. a sense of religious freedom c. a site for their Great Temple d. a set of silver tablets with religious teachings

9. b. a sense of religious freedom

10. 5. Which practice caused Mormons to be persecuted in the 1850s? a. the ritual slaughter of animals b. the circumcision of newborn males c. marriage to more than one wife d. sacrificing humans to the sun god

11. c. marriage to more than one wife

12. 6. By December 1860, the Mormon population of Utah had reached about 40,000 people because of the efforts of which church leader? a. Brigham Young b. Joseph Ratzinger c. Joseph Smith d. L. Ron Hubbard

13. a. Brigham Young

14. 7. Why did Mexican priest Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla lead about 80,000 American Indians and mestizos in a rebellion in 1810? a. The people were uprooted and thought an attack would push American settlers back over Mexico’s northern border. b. The priest believed that the “meek will inherit the earth” and wanted to make the Christian dream a reality. c. The people were poor and thought independence from the Spanish monarchy would improve their lives. d. The priest believed that Mexico should have a Christian king and wanted to take the place of the secular monarch.

15. c. The people were poor and thought independence from the Spanish

16. #8 Who was Stephen F. Austin? a. an empresario who started a colony on the lower Colorado River in 1822 b. an American agent who enforced Mexico’s laws on new settlers until 1830 c. the only American to witness the signing of the Mexican constitution in 1824 d. a southern settler who spurred Texans to defy the ban on slavery in 1831

17. a. an empresario who started a colony on the lower Colorado River in 1822

18. #9 After 1824, all of the following created conflicts between the Mexican government and American settlers in Texas EXCEPTMexico’s a. requirement of citizenship. b. prohibition on importing slaves. c. strict enforcement of its laws. d. heavy taxation of settled lands.

19. d. heavy taxation of settled lands.

20. #10.“…I call on you in the name of Liberty, of patriotism, and everything dear to the American character, to come to our aid with all dispatch [speed]…VICTORY OR DEATH.”--from a letter written by William TravisTravis wrote those words during the build-up to which important battle of the Texas War for Independence? a. the Battle of Goliad b. the Battle of the Alamo c. the Battle of Gonzales d. the Battle of San Jacinto

21. b. the Battle of the Alamo

22. 11. Why was the Battle of the Alamo significant to the outcome of the Texas Revolution? a. Frontiersman Davy Crockett and Colonel Jim Bowie joined the Texan defenses. b. The Texans were beaten, but Sam Houston’s forces were inspired to win the Battle of San Jacinto. c. Prisoners who had surrendered at Goliad were released, adding to the Texan defenses. d. The Texans suffered heavy losses, but the survivors overcame Antonio López de Santa Anna’s army.

23. b. The Texans were beaten, but Sam Houston’s forces were inspired to win the Battle of San Jacinto.

24. 12. President Jackson refused to annex Texas because doing so would have a. upset the balance between free and slave states. b. gone against the wishes of Congress. c. encouraged wars of independence in other border areas. d. admitted to the British that western expansion had ended.

25. a. upset the balance between free and slave states.

26. 13. What is another way of saying “manifest destiny”? a. “clear choice” b. “people’s future” c. “obvious fate” d. “humanity’s end”

27. c. “obvious fate”

28. 14. How did the slavery issue get tied up with “manifest destiny” in the 1840s and ’50s? a. Slaveholders did not know if ownership claims would be honored in the new territories. b. Americans did not know if the institution of slavery would be allowed in the new territories. c. Slavery went against the democratic values implied by the philosophy of “manifest destiny.” d. Southern slaveholders thought expansion in the spirit of “manifest destiny” would cause their region to lose power.

29. b. Americans did not know if the institution of slavery would be allowed in the new territories.

30. 15. Why did President John Tyler, a Whig from Virginia, favor the annexation of Texas during the Election of 1844? a. He was pressured by southerners who threatened to give their votes to Senator Henry Clay. b. He wanted Texas to be a free state that could not compete with the South’s plantations. c. He thought the annexation of Texas would increase the power of southern slave states. d. He stood in opposition to James K. Polk, who ran on a platform against annexation.

31. c. He thought the annexation of Texas would increase the power of southern slave states.

32. 16. Americans cried “Fifty-four forty or fight!” in reference to a. the line to which they wanted their northern territory to extend. b. the number of prisoners they wanted Santa Anna to release. c. the line that marked the northern border of what is now California. d. the number of American fighters whose deaths they wanted to avenge.

33. a. the line to which they wanted their northern territory to extend.

34. 17. Who referred to a piece of land as a “stolen province,” and what were they talking about? a. The British, about Oregon Country b. The American Indians, about Utah c. The Mexicans, about Texas d. The Spanish, about California

35. c. The Mexicans, about Texas

36. 18. In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain. What happened in California as a result? a. Californios fought for independence from Mexico. b. American Indians were given parcels of land called ranchos. c. Mexican businessmen planned a rail route to Canada. d. Mexican officials terminated the mission system.

37. d. Mexican officials terminated the mission system.

38. 19. What happened during the Bear Flag Revolt? a. A union of Spanish settlers rose up against the Californios in the Mission district of San Francisco. b. John C. Frémont’s mapping expedition fought off a black bear while crossing the Sierra Nevadas. c. General Taylor led his troops across the Rio Grande to protect Texas against a Mexican uprising. d. A small group of Americans seized the town of Sonoma and declared California’s independence.

39. d. A small group of Americans seized the town of Sonoma and declared California’s independence.

40. 20. How did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed in 1848, affect the United States? a. It drew the border line that divides the U.S. from Mexico to this day. b. It enabled the U.S. to collect $18 million in property taxes from Mexico. c. It increased the size of the U.S. by almost 25 percent. d. It gave the U.S. the southern parts of present-day Arizona and New Mexico.

41. c. It increased the size of the U.S. by almost 25 percent.

42. 21. How did the Gadsden Purchase benefit the United States? a. It promised to safeguard the property rights of longtime U.S. residents. b. It allowed the U.S. to purchase the northern part of present day Arizona. c. It gave the U.S. hunting rights in the area of Texas north of the Rio Grande. d. It secured a southern route for a transcontinental railroad on American soil.

43. d. It secured a southern route for a transcontinental railroad on American soil.

44. 22. How did Brigham Young’s influence resolve the western dispute over water rights? a. Young supported the eastern U.S. tradition regarding equal access to water. b. Young felt that irrigation was less effective than dams or canals for large-scale agriculture. c. Young promoted the idea that the good of the community should outweigh the interests of individuals. d. Young felt that addressing individual water use was the key to resolving the problem for the entire community.

45. c. Young promoted the idea that the good of the community should outweigh the interests of individuals.

46. 23. In the 1830s to 1840s, why did a growing number of Americans travel the California Trail? a. Recently published Anglo-Californian guidebooks persuaded settlers to move to the region. b. American and Mexican merchants would meet in California to trade factory-made goods for precious coins, hides, and tallow. c. Taken by the spirit of “manifest destiny,” many Americans decided to settle permanently at the continent’s western edge. d. American cattle ranchers were attracted by the Spanish government’s promise of Mexican land.

47. b. American and Mexican merchants would meet in California to trade factory-made goods for precious coins, hides, and tallow.

48. 24. What lesson might a western traveler have learned from the story of the Donner party? a. “There are no good shortcuts.” b. “Don’t always trust what you read in the papers.” c. “Always travel with a friend.” d. “Help is on the way.”

49. a. “There are no good shortcuts.”

50. 25. Which description fits the group of people known as “forty-niners”? a. gold-seekers from America and abroad who migrated to California b. individualistic prospectors of California gold-mining sites c. middle-aged married men with previous gold-mining experience d. Mexicans and South Americans who immigrated to find gold