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Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders

Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders. Dissociative Disorders. Dissociative Disorders. Disorders in which the sense of self has become separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, or feelings. Types of Dissociative Disorders. Three main types:

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Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders

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  1. Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality Disorders

  2. Dissociative Disorders

  3. Dissociative Disorders • Disorders in which the sense of self has become separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, or feelings

  4. Types of Dissociative Disorders • Three main types: • Dissociative Amnesia • Dissociative Fugue • Dissociative Identity Disorder

  5. Dissociative Disorders

  6. Dissociative Disorders:Dissociative Amnesia

  7. Dissociative Amnesia • A dissociative disorder characterized by loss of memory in reaction to a traumatic event • Example: soldiers in combat

  8. Dissociative Disorders:Dissociative Fugue

  9. Dissociative Fugue • A dissociative disorder characterized by loss of identity and travel to a new location • The person may develop a new identity and begin a new life.

  10. Dissociative Disorders:Dissociative Identity Disorder

  11. Dissociative Identity Disorder • Rare and controversial dissociative disorder in which an individual experiences two or more distinct and alternating personalities • Formerly called multiple personalities

  12. Dissociative Identity Disorder • Personalities can be different ages, sex, and self perception of characteristics • Three Faces of Eve • Sybil

  13. Dissociative Identity Disorder • Insert “Multiple Personality Disorder” Video #31 from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM. • This same clip is on the Brain Series.

  14. Dissociative Identity Disorder • Play “Multiple Personality” (9:00) Module #23 from The Brain: Teaching Modules (2nd edition). • This same clip is on the Worth Digital Media Archive CD-ROM.

  15. Schizophrenia Disorders

  16. Schizophrenia • Group of severe disorders characterized by disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions • Is not one disorder but a family of disorders • Is not “split personality” • Occurs in about 1% of the population • Develops in late teens/early adulthood

  17. Schizophrenia • Play “Schizophrenia: Symptoms” (5:39) Module #26 from The Brain: Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

  18. Schizophrenia Disorders:Symptoms of Schizophrenia

  19. Symptoms of Schizophrenia • Symptoms of schizophrenia include: • Delusions (false beliefs) • Hallucinations (false perceptions) • Inappropriate emotions or behaviors

  20. Symptoms of Schizophrenia

  21. Delusions • False beliefs that are symptoms of schizophrenia and other serious psychological disorders • Four major types of delusions: • Grandeur • Persecution • Sin or guilt • Influence

  22. Delusions of Grandeur • False beliefs that a person is more important than they really are • Patients may believe they are a famous person (e.g. Napoleon)

  23. Delusions of Persecution • False beliefs that people are out to get the person • Believe they are being followed, the phone is wiretapped, etc.

  24. Delusions of Sin or Guilt • False beliefs that the person is responsible for some misfortune

  25. Delusions of Influence • False beliefs of being controlled by outside forces

  26. Hallucinations • False perceptions that are symptoms of schizophrenia or other serious psychological disorders • Types of hallucinations: • Auditory (hearing voices) • Visual (seeing things) • Tactile (feeling skin sensations) • Can also have distorted smell and taste

  27. Inappropriate Emotions/Behaviors • Flat affect – showing little or no emotional response • Word salad – nonsense talk • Waxy flexibility – the person’s arms and legs will remain in place after being moved there

  28. Schizophrenia Disorders:Types of Schizophrenia

  29. Types of Schizophrenia

  30. Paranoid Schizophrenia • Characterized by delusions, especially grandeur and persecution. Auditory and other hallucinations support the delusions. A Beautiful Mind

  31. Catatonic Schizophrenia • Characterized by variations in voluntary movement • Catatonic excitement – rapid movements with delusions and hallucinations • Catatonic stupor – little or no activity, movement, or speech (waxy flexibility)

  32. Disorganized Schizophrenia • Characterized by bizarre behavior, delusions, and hallucinations. • Very disturbed thought and language (word salad)

  33. Undifferentiated Schizophrenia • Symptoms that don’t clearly fit into one of the other types of schizophrenia but still show clear symptoms of schizophrenia

  34. Schizophrenia in the Real World • Play “Cop Psychiatrists” (10:30) Segment #32 from Scientific American Frontiers: Video Collection for Introductory Psychology (2nd edition).

  35. Schizophrenia Disorders:Causes

  36. Schizophrenia • Play “Schizophrenia: Etiology” (14:45) Module #27 from The Brain: Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

  37. Biological Factors - Genetics • Schizophrenia tends to run in families. • Genetics appears to produce a predisposition (increased likelihood) to develop schizophrenia. Genain Quadruplets

  38. Genetics and Schizophrenia

  39. Biological Factors – Brain Structure • Brain structure of those with schizophrenia is different than the normal brain • Those with schizophrenia have smaller amounts of brain tissue and larger fluid filled spaces. • The thalamus is smaller in those with schizophrenia.

  40. Biological Factors – Brain Function • The brain of those with schizophrenia operates differently than the normal brain. • The frontal lobes show less activity. • Those with schizophrenia have a larger number of receptor sites for the neurotransmitter dopamine.

  41. Biological Factors – Brain Function

  42. Schizophrenia • Insert “The Schizophrenic Brain” Video #29 from Worth’s Digital Media Archive for Psychology. • Instructions for importing the video file can be found in the ‘Readme’ file on the CD-ROM.

  43. Biological Factors – Prenatal Viruses • A viral infection during the middle of pregnancy may increase schizophrenia risk.

  44. Psychological Factors • Two main areas: • Stress • Disturbed family • It’s unclear whether these are causes or consequences of schizophrenia.

  45. Personality Disorders

  46. Personality Disorders • Psychological disorders characterized by rigid and lasting behavior patterns that disrupt social functioning • Divided into three clusters: • Related to anxiety • With odd and eccentric behaviors • With dramatic or impulsive behaviors

  47. Personality Disorders

  48. Personality Disorders Related to Anxiety

  49. Avoidant Personality Disorder • So sensitive about being rejected that personal relationships become difficult

  50. Dependent Personality Disorder • Behave in clingy, submissive ways and displays a strong need to have others take care of them

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