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RESEARCH PROCESS: AN OVERVIEW

RESEARCH PROCESS: AN OVERVIEW. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS. Stages In The Research Process. Problem Formulation and Problem Definition Research Design*** Purpose of the Study Type of investigation Study setting : Population & Sampling Unit of analysis

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RESEARCH PROCESS: AN OVERVIEW

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  1. RESEARCH PROCESS: AN OVERVIEW INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

  2. Stages In The Research Process • Problem Formulation and Problem Definition • Research Design*** • Purpose of the Study • Type of investigation • Study setting : Population & Sampling • Unit of analysis • Time horizon: Cross sectional vs longitudinal • Data Processing and Analysis • Managerial implications (Reporting) INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

  3. Clearly defined purpose Detailed research process Thoroughly planned design High ethical standards Limitations addressed Adequate analysis Unambiguous presentation Conclusions justified Credentials Characteristics of Good Research INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

  4. Characteristics of Good Research • Understand • that research is decision- anddilemma-centered • that the clarified research question is theresult of careful exploration and analysisand sets the direction for the research project INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

  5. Research Process • Basic Assumption • every effect has a cause • Starts with the construction of hypotheses from casual observations and background knowledge (inductive reasoning) to reasoning out consequences or implications of hypotheses (deductive reasoning), followed by testing of the implications and confirmation or rejection of the hypotheses. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

  6. Research Process: The Scientific Method • Step 1: State the Problem (Problem Formulation) • Step 2: Background & Literature study about the problem. (Literature Review) • Step 3: Form a Hypothesis (Statement of Prediction) • Step 4: Do experiment that test the hypothesis. (Analysis & Findings) • Step 5: Draw a conclusion. INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

  7. Research Process Selection of exploratory research technique Problem discovery Problem Discovery and Definition Sampling Selection of exploratory research technique Probability Nonprobability Secondary (historical) data Experience survey Pilot study Case study Collection of data (fieldwork) Data Gathering Data Processing and Analysis Editing and coding data Problem definition (statement of research objectives) Data processing Selection of basic research method Research Design Conclusions and Report Interpretation of findings Experiment Survey Observation Secondary Data Study Report Laboratory Field Interview Questionnaire INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

  8. Example 4: System development methodology

  9. Content in Chapter 3 (Examples) Proposal 1 Proposal 2 Introduction Research Design Interpretive Research Quantitative and Qualitative Research Triangulation Case Study Research Multiple Case Study Approach Operational Framework Subjects or Data Source Instrumentation Pilot Testing and Data Analysis Assumptions & Limitations of the Methodology Research Planning and Schedule • Introduction • Research design • What to do and how it should be done • Operational frame work • Flowchart • Gantt chart (the whole project) • Software and Hardware requirement • Summary

  10. Description of Research Activities: Suggested Format Duration optional – specified in Gantt chart See example…

  11. Example 1: quantitative study

  12. Example 2: qualitative study

  13. Managing The Research INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

  14. Gantt Chart INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

  15. Types of Ethical Violations Violating disclosure agreements Misrepresenting results Breaking confidentiality Deceiving participants Plagarism Avoiding legal liability INSPIRING CREATIVE AND INNOVATIVE MINDS

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