1 Laboratory for Mobile Sensinng and Ubiquitous Computing (MOSAIC),

1. On-body Sensing of Cocaine Craving, Euphoria and Drug-Seeking Behavior Using Cardiac and Respiratory Signals Bhanu Teja Gullapalli1, Annamalai Natarajan2, Gustavo A.Angarita3, Robert T.Malison3, Deepak Ganesan1, Tauhidur Rahman1 1Laboratory for Mobile Sensinng and Ubiquitous Computing (MOSAIC), University of Massachusetts Amherst, USA 2Philips Research, USA 3Yale University School of Medicine, USA Bhanu Teja bgullapalli@cs.umass.edu

2. Drug-addiction is social and medical problem

3. Cycle of Addiction Drug Euphoria Drug Administration Neuroadaptation Drug-Seeking Behavior Drug Craving Drug-related cues

4. Break the Loop ? Very Hard

5. Ubiquitous computing in substance abuse Drug Euphoria Drug Administration Neuroadaptation Drug-Seeking Behavior Drug Craving Drug-related cues

6. Ubiquitous computing in substance abuse Drug Euphoria Drug Administration Neuroadaptation Drug-Seeking Behavior Drug Craving Drug-related cues

7. Ubiquitous computing in substance abuse Drug Euphoria Drug Administration Neuroadaptation Drug-Seeking Behavior Drug Craving Drug-related cues

8. Ubiquitous computing in substance abuse Drug Euphoria Drug Administration Neuroadaptation Drug-Seeking Behavior Drug Craving Drug-related cues

9. Ubiquitous computing in substance abuse Drug Euphoria Drug Administration Neuroadaptation Drug-Seeking Behavior Drug Craving Drug-related cues

10. Experimental Setup Chest band Bhanu Teja bgullapalli@cs.umass.edu

11. Experimental Setup Craving: How much are you craving for cocaine now ? Euphoria: How high or euphoric are you feeling now ? VAS Self-report Chest band 9 6 7 8 5 1 2 3 4 Visual Analog Scale(VAS) 10 0 Most Ever Not at all Bhanu Teja bgullapalli@cs.umass.edu

12. Experimental Setup VAS Self-report Chest band Button Pump and Button Pump IV Cocaine Delivery Bhanu Teja bgullapalli@cs.umass.edu

13. 6 Hour Study Period Fixed Dosage Baseline Self-Administration Break Break Break Break 8mg 16mg 32mg 8mg 32mg 16mg 0.5 hour 1 hour 1 hour 1 hour 1 hour

14. Illustration of Self-Administration Fixed Dosage Baseline Self-Administration 8 mg 32 mg 16 mg Time (mins) Click Break

15. Model Architecture self-report Craving , Euphoria Model Architecture and Features Breathing BR Electrocardiography  ECG Bhanu Teja bgullapalli@cs.umass.edu

16. Self-report Craving prediction VAS Craving and Euphoria prediction Linear Regression with NRMSE 17.6% Predicted Self-report craving Actual Self-report craving Ac

17. ECG and Breathing can model Craving and Euhporia VAS Craving and Euphoria Feature importance Craving Euphoria ρ ρ Features Models NRMSE NRMSE (%) (%) 17.6 ECG+BR Linear Regression 0.49 0.73 16.7 ECG Linear Regression 0.41 18.6 0.72 19.9 BR Linear Regression 0.23 23.3 0.37 26.6 Bhanu Teja bgullapalli@cs.umass.edu

18. ECG and Breathing feature importance VAS Craving and Euphoria Feature importance Craving Euphoria ρ ρ Features Models NRMSE NRMSE (%) (%) 17.6 ECG+BR Linear Regression 0.49 0.73 16.7 ECG Linear Regression 0.41 18.6 0.72 19.9 BR Linear Regression 0.23 23.3 0.37 26.6 Bhanu Teja bgullapalli@cs.umass.edu

19. ECG contains more information than BR VAS Craving and Euphoria Feature importance Craving Euphoria ρ ρ Features Models NRMSE NRMSE (%) (%) 17.6 ECG+BR Linear Regression 0.49 0.73 16.7 ECG Linear Regression 0.41 18.6 0.72 19.9 BR Linear Regression 0.23 23.3 0.37 26.6 Bhanu Teja bgullapalli@cs.umass.edu

20. Using ECG alone is just fine VAS Craving and Euphoria Feature importance Craving Euphoria ρ ρ Features Models NRMSE NRMSE (%) (%) 17.6 ECG+BR Linear Regression 0.49 0.73 16.7 ECG Linear Regression 0.41 18.6 0.72 19.9 BR Linear Regression 0.23 23.3 0.37 26.6 Bhanu Teja bgullapalli@cs.umass.edu

21. Building addiction computing technologies on smartwatches

22. Drug usage history improves Self-report Craving Demographic factors effect on VAS Craving and Euphoria Self-report Craving ”Average $/use”, a psychological sailent proxy for amount of cocaine improves self-report prediction. Bhanu Teja bgullapalli@cs.umass.edu

23. Drug-Seeking Behavior Drug Euphoria Drug Administration Neuroadaptation Drug-Seeking Behavior Drug Craving Drug-related cues

24. Drug-Seeking Behavior Lever Button IV Cocaine Delivery A significant milestone is that we show we can model drug-seeking behavior in humans using Cardiac and Respiratory signal .

25. Drug-Seeking Behavior Click Density in a 10-minute window is used as a metric for drug-seeking behavior . Drug Administration Drug-Seeking Behavior Ground truth Self-report Craving Drug Craving As per the addiction loop, we show that VAS cocaine craving and click-density are indeed correlated. Bhanu Teja

26. Drug-Seeking Behavior 1.0 0-3 0.8 0.6 4-7 Actual Click Density 0.4 0.2 8-10 0.0 0-3 4-7 8-10 Predicted Click Density asd

27. Drug-Seeking Behavior 1.0 0-3 0.8 0.6 4-7 Actual Click Density 0.4 0.2 8-10 0.0 0-3 4-7 8-10 Predicted Click Density asd

28. Drug-Seeking Behavior 1.0 0-3 0.8 0.6 4-7 Actual Click Density 0.4 0.2 8-10 0.0 0-3 4-7 8-10 Predicted Click Density asd

29. Real-world implications Just-in-time Interventions Craving Euphoria Drug-Seeking Behavior Time Drug-administration Identifying stages predispose to administration to help develop Just-in-time intervention strategies. 

30. Real-world implications Treatment Failure Craving Drug-Seeking Behavior Treatment Time Monitoring early treatment response to optimize patient care

31. Thank You