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Emergency Assessment of Vital Signs and Pain

Learn the necessary skills for assessing vital signs and pain in emergency situations. This lab will cover temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain assessment, along with guidelines for assessing and managing these vital signs. Understand the normal ranges, abnormal characteristics, and techniques for measuring vital signs accurately. Additionally, learn about pain assessment and management strategies.

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Emergency Assessment of Vital Signs and Pain

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  1. CSI 101 Skills Lab 3 Emergency Assessment of Vital Signs and Pain Daryl P. Lofaso, M.Ed, RRT

  2. Vital Signs (VS) • Temperature • Pulse • Respiration • Blood Pressure • Pain Assessment

  3. General Guidelines When Assessing VS • Taken by person caring for patient. • Know normal ranges • Adult vs. Peds • Baseline data for patient • i.e. patients norms • Patient’s Diagnosis (Dx)

  4. Body Temperature

  5. Balance of Body Temperature

  6. Temperature Conversion

  7. Pulse (Heart Rate – HR) • Normal Range (Adult) • 60-100/min. • Abnormal • < 60/min. - Bradycardia • > 100/min. - Tachycardia

  8. Arterial Pulse Points

  9. Abnormal Pulse Characteristics • Weak Pulse – ↓ stroke volume • Bounding Pulse - ↑ stroke volume • Paradoxical Pulse – change with respirations

  10. Respiratory Rate • Normal relaxed breathing is effortless, automatic, regular and even. • Normal range: • Adult : 12-20/min. • Child: 20-30/min. • Infant: 35-40/min.

  11. Respiratory Patterns

  12. Blood Pressure • B/P = Systolic Pressure / Diastolic Pressure • Systolic Pressure: max. pressure exerted on the arteries with the LV • Diastolic Pressure: the elastic recoil pressure presented by the arterial walls

  13. BP Formulas • Pulse Pressure = systolic pressure – diastolic pressure • Normal: 30-50 mmHg • Mean Arterial Pressure = systolic pressure + 2(diastolic pressure) / 3 • Normal: 70-100 mmHg

  14. Shock Index (SI) • Define: the ratio of the heart rate to systolic blood pressure. • SI = HR (bpm) / Systolic B/P (mmHg) • Normal range: 0.5 – 0.7 • Elevated SI: > 0.9 - critically ill (poor outcome) • Sensitive indicator of Left Ventricular dysfunction • Used in the Emergency Department (ED) and Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

  15. Pain Assessment Range: Mild: 1 – 3 Moderate: 4 – 6 Severe Pain: 7 - 10

  16. Pain Management • Non-Pharmacologic • Breathing - slowly and deeply • Distraction • Pharmacologic • Non-Narcotic Tylenol Ibuprofen • Narcotic Morphine

  17. Hand Hygiene • GOOD HAND WASHING CAN PREVENT NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS • 35% OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS AREPREVENTABLE!!!!

  18. Professional Conduct • Introduce yourself • Explain the procedure / examination to the patient • Ask the patient if they have any questions • Cover the patient with a sheet. Only expose area examining while performing a procedure/examination

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