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Popular Music of Brazil: Samba - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Popular Music of Brazil: Samba Samba “ Tudo acaba em samba ” Afro-Brazilian urban popular song/dance form Origins in rural roda de samba: Participatory Accompanied by improvised songs and percussion instruments
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Samba“Tudo acaba em samba”
- Afro-Brazilian urban popular song/dance form
- Origins in rural roda de samba:
- Participatory
- Accompanied by improvised songs and percussion instruments
- Style: syncopated, call and response vocals, open-ended forms, musical interlock, diatonic melodies
Types of Samba
- Carnival samba (e.g. samba batucada and samba enredo)
- Characterized by heavy percussion, songs about themes presented in Carnival
- (Year-round) samba
- Characterized by light percussion and plucked string accompaniment (guitar, cavaquinho)
- Songs often satiric, witty, improvised
Musical Characteristics
- 2/4 time, emphasis on second beat (as played by surdo drums)
- Other percussion plays interlocking, syncopated lines
- Songs are strophic; major or minor keys; usually easy to sing
- Chords limited to triads or seven chords
Carnival Samba
- Arose in Rio de Janeiro, early 1900s
- Part of pre-Lenten festivities (called “Carnival:)”
- Associated in past with poor Afro-Brazilians; “street music” vs. music of the salon
Carnival
- Escolas de samba: large musical organizations, includes percussionists, singers, dancers, samba composers, choreographers, designers
- Determine theme, compose song, design float and costumes
- Compete during parade
Carnival and the State
- Before 1930, Afro-Brazilian instruments (drums; pandeiro) and cultural practices (e.g. candomble; capoeira) were banned.
- 1930 – dictator Getulio Vargas begins subsidizing samba schools (approx. 15) in exchange for cooperation with gov’t
- Samba schools have made Carnival in Rio a major tourist attraction
Escolas de Samba
- Mangueira (1929; colors: pink and green)
- Portela (1935; colors: blue and white)
Samba Batucada
- Instruments of the Batería:
- Surdo drums (basic pulse in 2 divided among three sizes of surdo)
- Pandeiro (sixteenth-note division)
- Cuíca (accents)
- Tamborim (syncopation)
- Caíxa (snare drum)
Samba Songs
- Upbeat songs, in 2/4 with light percussion (pandeiro; tamborim; cuica)
- Emphasis on voice
- Lyrics are about samba; love; sometimes social commentary
- Carmen Miranda (1909-1955); film and recording star; introduced Brazilian music to world
Samba de Morro
- Also called “roots samba” to distinguish it from commercialized samba
- Sung by “sambistas”(singer/ composer of samba)
- Instruments: guitar, pandeiro, tamborim, surdo, cavaquinho
Ismael Silva
Nelson Sargento
