The International Group Structure, Club cover, Pollution Pooling igpandi

1. The International Group Structure, Club cover, Pollution & Pooling www.igpandi.org

2. Argentina - UERA 2

3. 3 Argentina - UERA  Clubs Miembros del Grupo Internacional Aseguran responsabilidades hacia terceros relacionadas con el uso y operaci�n de buques incluyendo responsabilidad por contaminaci�n, responsabilidades por carga, tripulaci�n, remoci�n de restos n�ufragos, etc. Aseguran aproximadamente el 92% del tonelaje oce�nico mundial. Esta formado por 13 Asociaciones Mutuales sin fines de lucro Aseguran m�s del 95% de los buques tanqueros Para los Clubs una de las mayores exposiciones de responsabilidad es la contaminaci�n.

4. 4 Argentina - UERA The International Group of P&I Clubs Principales miembros del Grupo Internacional American Steamship Owners Mutual Protection and Indemnity Association, Inc Assuranceforeningen Gard Assuranceforeningen Skuld The Britannia Steam Ship Insurance Association Limited The Japan Ship Owners' Mutual Protection & Indemnity Association The London Steam-Ship Owners� Mutual Insurance Association Limited The North of England Protection and Indemnity Association Limited The Shipowners' Mutual Protection and Indemnity Association (Luxembourg) The Standard Steamship Owners� Protection and Indemnity Association (Bermuda) Limited The Steamship Mutual Underwriting Association (Bermuda) Limited The Swedish Club United Kingdom Mutual Steam Ship Assurance Association (Bermuda) Limited The West of England Ship Owners Mutual Insurance Association (Luxembourg) The Club names on the slide will be familiar to many of you. 8 Clubs are headquartered in the UK 2 Clubs are headquartered in Norway 1 Club is headquartered in Sweden 1 Club is headquartered in USA 1 Club is headquartered in Japan The Group is truly international. The Club names on the slide will be familiar to many of you. 8 Clubs are headquartered in the UK 2 Clubs are headquartered in Norway 1 Club is headquartered in Sweden 1 Club is headquartered in USA 1 Club is headquartered in Japan The Group is truly international.

5. 5 Argentina - UERA The International Group existe para: Coordinar seguro y reaseguro colectivo para los Clubs del Grupo: US$1 billion � contaminaci�n US$2 billion - pasajeros US$5.5 billion � otros reclamos � ej.: remoci�n de restos n�ufragos, carga, colisi�n, etc. Representar el punto de vista de los Armadores Miembros de los Clubs en asuntos que preocupan a la industria mar�tima con relaci�n a temas de seguros y responsabilidad: IMO, IOPC Funds, UNCITRAL. Proveer un foro de intercambio de informaci�n: IG Sub � Comites y Grupos de Trabajo

6. 6 Argentina - UERA The International Group of P&I Clubs La Organizaci�n del Grupo: Las actividades del grupo est�n coordinadas a trav�s de la secretaria basada en Londres. El trabajo del Grupo es llevado a cabo por la secretaria y por los gerentes de Clubs a trav�s de sub-comites y grupos de trabajo los cuales se re�nen regularmente. Las posiciones del Grupo son acordadas por el Directorio de los Clubs quienes reportan a trav�s de sus gerentes al Grupo Los gerentes de Clubs se re�nen 3 veces por a�o a fin de considerar los reportes de los sub-comites, acordar recomendaciones a los Directorios e implementar las decisiones del mismo. The Group�s organisation: (1) The activities of the Group are co-ordinated through the Group secretariat based in London. The Secretariat currently consists of 5 full time personnel. (2) The day to day work of the Group is carried out by the Secretariat and Club managers. The great strength of the Group is the extensive involvement of Club managers in Group issues, which offers un-parralled legal and technical expertise, through sub-committees and working groups which meet on a regular basis. In some cases as many as 6/7 times a year. There are over 60 sub-committees and working groups. (3) The view of Club Boards elected from Club members on common issues are reported by Club Managers to the Group. (4) The Group�s policy positions are agreed by consensus between the Clubs. Club boards report through their managers to the Group. Most boards meet 3 or at minimum 2 a year. (5) The Club managers meet three times each year to consider Group issues and recommendations made by the various sub-committees and working groups and to report on the views of their Boards. The Managers also review policy issues and make recommendations to Club boards. The Group�s organisation: (1) The activities of the Group are co-ordinated through the Group secretariat based in London. The Secretariat currently consists of 5 full time personnel. (2) The day to day work of the Group is carried out by the Secretariat and Club managers. The great strength of the Group is the extensive involvement of Club managers in Group issues, which offers un-parralled legal and technical expertise, through sub-committees and working groups which meet on a regular basis. In some cases as many as 6/7 times a year. There are over 60 sub-committees and working groups. (3) The view of Club Boards elected from Club members on common issues are reported by Club Managers to the Group. (4) The Group�s policy positions are agreed by consensus between the Clubs. Club boards report through their managers to the Group. Most boards meet 3 or at minimum 2 a year. (5) The Club managers meet three times each year to consider Group issues and recommendations made by the various sub-committees and working groups and to report on the views of their Boards. The Managers also review policy issues and make recommendations to Club boards.

7. 7 Argentina - UERA The International Group of P&I Clubs Roles de enlace y consulta con: Cuerpos inter-gubernamentales como: IMO, UNCITRAL, UNCTAD y OECD Gobiernos nacionales ,organizaciones y agencias de la Comunidad Europea. Otras organizaciones de la industria tales como: BIMCO, ICS, Intertanko, OCIMF Promover y alentar posiciones de la industria en temas pr�cticos y legislativos Proveer asesoramiento t�cnico y comentarios sobre borradores de nuevas legislaciones, regulaciones , convenciones y protocolos. Liaison and consultation roles: The Group liaises and has NGO status with a number of inter-governmental organisations such as and most importantly the IMO (International Maritime Organisation), UNCTAD (UN Conference on Trade and Development), UNCITRAL (UN Commission on International Trade Law) and OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). The IG attends a number of IMO committee meetings, particularly the Legal Committee, IOPC Fund sessions and UNCITRAL drafting committees, submitting views on behalf of Clubs and industry during the process of formulating international conventions and legislation on the practicality and workability of the conventions from an insurance perspective. The Group has regular contact with European Commission, National Transport Departments and European Parliament. It liaises with other industry organisations such as BIMCO Baltic and Int Maritime Counsel), ICS, Intertanko, ISF, OCIMF etc. To develop common policy positions on international and national regulatory initiatives, drafting or co-sponsoring submissions to IMO, and generally liaising on all issues that impact on shipowners. eg: IMO and UNCITRAL conventions, EU initiatives, and so on. It is very important to achieve workable legislative solutions that are likely to result in widespread state adoption, which will in turn lead to certainty and international uniformity. The Group has a considerable range of technical and legal expertise and states and intergovernmental organisations we believe value the Groups input.Liaison and consultation roles: The Group liaises and has NGO status with a number of inter-governmental organisations such as and most importantly the IMO (International Maritime Organisation), UNCTAD (UN Conference on Trade and Development), UNCITRAL (UN Commission on International Trade Law) and OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). The IG attends a number of IMO committee meetings, particularly the Legal Committee, IOPC Fund sessions and UNCITRAL drafting committees, submitting views on behalf of Clubs and industry during the process of formulating international conventions and legislation on the practicality and workability of the conventions from an insurance perspective. The Group has regular contact with European Commission, National Transport Departments and European Parliament. It liaises with other industry organisations such as BIMCO Baltic and Int Maritime Counsel), ICS, Intertanko, ISF, OCIMF etc. To develop common policy positions on international and national regulatory initiatives, drafting or co-sponsoring submissions to IMO, and generally liaising on all issues that impact on shipowners. eg: IMO and UNCITRAL conventions, EU initiatives, and so on. It is very important to achieve workable legislative solutions that are likely to result in widespread state adoption, which will in turn lead to certainty and international uniformity. The Group has a considerable range of technical and legal expertise and states and intergovernmental organisations we believe value the Groups input.

8. 8 Argentina - UERA P&I Cobertura por Contaminaci�n: Los Clubs cubren responsabilidades, costos y gastos incurridos como resultado de un escape o peligro de escape o descarga de petr�leo o cualquier otra substancia incluyendo:- da�os o compensaci�n pagaderos a terceras partes costos de limpieza y gastos gastos de prevenci�n y minimizaci�n responsabilidades bajo CLC & contribuciones bajo STOPIA 2006 y TOPIA 2006 multas por derrames accidentales.

9. 9 Argentina - UERA Convenciones Internacionales (CLC/IOPC Fund/Supplementary Fund Protocol) proveen segura y efectiva compensaci�n a victimas de derrames. Argentina es un Estado parte del CLC/IOPC Fund regime, pero no del Supplementary Fund Protocol Los Clubs trabajan con la industria del petr�leo para compartir la carga de los mayores derrames bajo los acuerdos internacionales del CLC/Fund a trav�s de sistemas de acuerdos voluntarios (STOPIA and TOPIA) Los Clubs coordinan extensamente en respuestas a derrames/limpieza/pago de reglamos La experiencia en reclamos por contaminaci�n se est� mejorando

10. 10 Argentina - UERA Limites de Cobertura y Reaseguros P&I cobertura por oil pollution limitada a US $1.05 billion M�s que adecuada para cubrir el m�ximo de responsabilidades bajo el CLC y Fund Conventions y US OPA �90, por ejemplo Holding IG Club paga US$ 7 million IG Pool paga US$ 43 million reaseguradores pagan hasta US$1 billion

11. 11 Argentina - UERA The International Group of P&I Clubs

12. 12 Argentina - UERA Prop�sito del Pooling: Pooling de reclamos sobre US $ 7 million hasta aproximadamente US $ 5.5 billion pero con un l�mite de US$ 1 billion por oil pollution Reparto equitativo de costos de reclamos entre los Armadores a trav�s del Pooling Agreement Riesgo repartido sobre el 92% tonelaje mundial de buques oce�nicos Altos niveles de cobertura al costo m�s bajo Reduciendo los costos por responsabilidad en el tiempo Clubs colectivamente controlan la extension del riesgo retenido a niveles de Club y Pool Clubs determinan colectivamente el tipo de riesgos y reclamos a cubrir y hasta d�nde. Mejor uso de la cobertura de reaseguro que se encuentra en el mercado.

13. 13 Argentina - UERA Protecci�n del Pooling Reclamos entre US$50 million y US$ 2,050 millones est�n protegidos por el mercado de reaseguro. Es el contrato de seguro mar�timo m�s grande en el mundo. Este seguro del mercado est� ampliamente repartido a trav�s de los mayores mercados aseguradores del mundo para dar protecci�n adicional. 80 Reaseguradores repartidos a trav�s del mundo participan. 8 de los 10 mayores reaseguradores Reaseguradores deben estar calificados no menos de A por S&P Cada reasegurador es responsable por el porcentaje de su participaci�n. London y Bermuda mercado de los mayores aseguradores.

14. 14 Argentina - UERA The International Group of P&I Clubs Evidencia de cobertura de seguro IG Clubs aseguran aprox. 92% del tonelaje oce�nico mundial, aprox. 36.000 buques. IG Clubs ya emiten Certificados de Entrada (CoE) a todos los buques entrados como evidencia de seguro. CoE ya se acepta como evidencia en un numero de Estados/IMO Resoluci�n A. 898. Todos IG Clubs mantienen acceso p�blico a base de datos para b�squeda de buques en sus websites, actualizada cada 24 horas, con la lista de todos los buques entrados.

15. 15 Argentina - UERA The International Group of P&I Clubs IMO RESOLUTION A.898 (21) - GUIDELINES ON SHIPOWNERS' RESPONSIBILITIES IN RESPECT OF MARITIME CLAIMS 3. Responsabilidades de los Armadores 3.1 Los Armadores deben tomar para sus barcos cobertura de seguros que acuerdo a esta Gu�a. 1. Definiciones. 1.2 Seguro significa seguro con o sin deducibles, y  comprende por ejemplo, seguro de indemnidad del tipo  actualmente provisto por los miembros del Grupo Internacional de Clubes de P&I, y otra forma efectiva de seguro (incluyendo auto-seguro) y seguridad financiera  ofreciendo similares condiciones de cobertura.

16. 16 Argentina - UERA The International Group of P&I Clubs The International Group apoya: Entrada en vigor del LLMC Protocolo 1996 R�pida ratificaci�n of IMO Conventions sobre HNS, Bunkers, Wreck Removal Bunkers Convention entra en vigenciainternacionalmente el 21.11.08 Aceptaci�n del Certificate of Entry como evidencia adecuada de seguro de responsabilidad hacia terceras partes (en donde IMO Conventions no est�n en vigor)

17. 17 Argentina - UERA Montos de Compensaci�n (US$ Millones) diferentes medidas buques - APROXIMADOS GT 1992 1992 CLC+ 1992 FUND SUPLEMENTARY FUND + CLC STOPIA CONVENTION TOPIA 5,000 7 30 305 1,125 29,548 26 30 305 1,125 50,000 43 43 305 1,125 100,000 90 90 305 1,125 140,000 135 135 305 1,125Nota: Los limites se calculan en Special Drawing Rights (SDR) que es una moneda creada por el Fondo Monetario Internacional y la cotizaci�n en USD depende del momento en particular

18. The International Group Structure, Club cover, Pollution & Pooling