1 / 14

AuthorAID Workshop on Research Writing

This workshop discusses the structure of a scientific paper, focusing on the IMRAD format (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion) and other alternative structures. It also provides tips on writing effective titles and listing authors.

betancourtd
Download Presentation

AuthorAID Workshop on Research Writing

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. أوثوريد لكتابةألأبحاثورشة AuthorAID Workshopon Research Writing Nicaragua November 2008

  2. The Structureof a Scientific Paper Barbara Gastel, MD, MPH Texas A&M University bgastel@cvm.tamu.edu تركيب الورقة العلمية

  3. The IMRAD Formatfor Scientific Papers • Introduction: What was the question? • Methods: How did you try to answer it? • Results: What did you find? • And • Discussion: What does it mean? تصميم للورقة العلمية . مقدمة: ماذا كانت المسألة؟ . الطرق: كيف حاولت الاجابة عليها؟ . النتائج: ماذا استنتجت؟ . و . مناقشة: ماذا تعني؟

  4. A More Complete View • (Title) • (Authors) • (Abstract) • Introduction • Methods • Results • Discussion • (Acknowledgments) • (References) نظرة شاملة . (عنوان) . مقدمة . مناقشة . (الموءلفون) . الطرق . (التعبير عن الشكر) . (خلاصة) . النتائج . (المراجع)

  5. Some Other Structures • IRDAM (Introduction, Results, Discussion, and Methods) • IMRDRD…(Introduction, Methods, a Result, Some Discussion, Another Result, More Discussion . . . ) • Other بعض التراكيب الأخرى . اردام (مقدمه, نتائج, مناقشة و طرق) . امردرد ... (مقدمه, طرق, نتيجة, بعض المناقشة, نتيجة اخرى, مناقشة اكثر...) . امور اخرى

  6. Title • The fewest possible words that adequately indicate the contents of the paper • Important in literature searching • Should not include extra words, such as “a study of” • Should be specific enough but not overly narrow عنوان . اقل ما يمكن من الكلمات التي تكفي للدلالة على محتويات الورقة . مهم في البحث في النشرات المطبوعة . لا يجب ان تحتوي على كلمات اضافية, مثل دراسة... . يجب ان تكون محددا ولكن ليس على حساب الوضوح

  7. Authors • Those with important intellectual contributions to the work • Often listed largely from greatest contributions to least • Head of research group often is listed last • Important to list one’s name the same way in every paper الموءلفون . هوءلاء الذين لهم مساهمات مهمة وخلاقة في العمل . غالبا تدون من الأكثر مساهمة للأقل . رئيس مجموعة البحث غالبا يدون اخيرا . من المهم ان تدون اسم كل واحد بنفس الطريقة في كل ورقة

  8. The Abstract • Should be organized like a scientific paper (in sort of a mini-IMRAD format) • In some fields, there are structured abstracts (with standardized headings). الملخص . يجب ان ينظم مثل الورقة العلمية( مرتبا مثل تركيب امراد المصغر) . في بعض المجالات, لها ملخصات مهيكلة( مع عناوين قياسية)

  9. Abstract of This Article Objetivo. Identificar factores relacionados con el abandono (deserción) del tratamiento de la tuberculosis en centros de salud de los departamentos de Managua y Matagalpa, en Nicaragua. Métodos. Se diseñó un estudio de casos y testigos pareados por edad y por municipio de tratamiento. Se seleccionaron como casos 251 pacientes mayores de 15 años que abandonaron el tratamiento antituberculoso y como testigos pacientes que concluyeron la farmacoterapia (razón 1:1) durante el periodo de enero de 1998 a diciembre de 2001. Se obtuvieron datos de aspectos demográficos y socioeconómicos, hábitos de vida y características de la atención. Las variables se seleccionaron y agruparon utilizando un modelo teórico jerarquizado. Por medio de un análisis de regresión logística condicional, se estimó la razón de posibilidades (odds ratio, OR), con un intervalo de confianza de 95% (IC95%). Resultados. Son factores de riesgo de abandono de la farmacoterapia antituberculosa: sexo masculino (OR: 2,51; IC 95%: 1,63 a 3,94), residencia inestable o en la calle (OR: 3,08; IC95%: 1,57 a 6,49), cambio de domicilio durante el tratamiento (OR: 4,22; IC95%: 2,06 a 9,93), consumo de bebidas alcohólicas (OR: 5,25; IC95%: 2,43 a 12,94), uso de drogas ilícitas (OR: 5,25; IC95%: 2,43 a 12,94), dificultad de acceso a los servicios de salud (OR: 2,64; IC95%: 1,39 a 5,29) y un concepto negativo de la atención recibida (OR: 5,33; IC95%: 1,52 a 28,56). Conclusión. Es indispensable establecer en los servicios de salud medidas que contribuyan a abatir el riesgo de abandono. Es importante recuperar la participación social del sector de la salud mediante acciones comunitarias.

  10. English-Language Abstract Dropout from tuberculosis treatment in Nicaragua: the results of a comparative study OBJECTIVE: To identify factors related to dropping out from tuberculosis treatment in health centers in the departments of Managua and Matagalpa, in Nicaragua. METHODS: This study matched cases and controls (1:1 ratio) by age and by municipality of treatment. The 251 cases were patients over 15 years of age who had dropped out of tuberculosis treatment, and the 251 controls were patients who had completed pharmacotherapy, during the period of January 1998 to December 2001. Data were obtained on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, lifestyle habits, and treatment characteristics. The variables were chosen and grouped using a hierarchical theoretical model. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS: The risk factors for dropping out of tuberculosis drug treatment were: male gender (OR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.63 to 3.94), an unstable living situation or being homeless (OR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.57 to 6.49), changing residence during the treatment period (OR, 4.22; 95% CI, 2.06 to 9.93), consuming alcoholic beverages (OR, 5.25; 95% CI, 2.43 to 12.94), using illegal drugs (OR, 5.25; 95% CI, 2.43 to 12.94), difficulty in access to the health services (OR, 2.64; 95% CI, 1.39 to 5.29), and a negative opinion of the health care received (OR, 5.33; 95% CI, 1.52 to 28.56). CONCLUSIONS: It is essential for the health services in Nicaragua to develop measures to reduce the risk of dropout from treatment. In particular, it is important for the health sector to work with community groups that can support the health sector's activities.

  11. Orders of Reading and WritingSections of a Paper • People read the sections of scientific papers in various orders. • You can write the sections of a scientific paper in any order. • A convenient order in which to write the sections: Methods, Results, Discussion, Introduction ترتيب قراءة وكتابة اقسام الورقة . البشر يقرءون اقسام الورقة العلمية بترتيب مختلف . بمكنك كتابة اقسام الورقة العلمية باي ترتيب . الترتيب المناسب لكتابة الأقسام: الطرق, النتائج, مناقشة, مقدمة

  12. Thanks • Particular thanks go to Dr Abdulraouf Al-Hallaq, from the CIS Department, Faculty of Science and IT, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, for the translation of the slides. شكر . شكر خاص للدكتور عبد الروءوف الحلاق من قسم نظم المعلومات الحاسوبية في كلية العلوم وتكنولوجيا المعلومات في جامعة الزيتونة الاردنية لترجمة الشرائح

  13. Thank you! شكرا جزيلا

More Related