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FOSSIL FUELS 85% of the world’s commercial energy

FOSSIL FUELS 85% of the world’s commercial energy. COAL. NATURAL GAS. OIL. 20 richest countries consume:. 50% of coal 80% of natural gas 65% of oil. U.S. energy consumption. 9%. OIL (PETROLEUM). Buried organic matter rich in hydrocarbons. Oil Consumption by Sector (1998).

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FOSSIL FUELS 85% of the world’s commercial energy

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  1. FOSSIL FUELS 85% of the world’scommercial energy COAL NATURAL GAS OIL

  2. 20 richest countries consume: • 50% of coal • 80% of natural gas • 65% of oil

  3. U.S. energy consumption 9%

  4. OIL (PETROLEUM) Buried organic matter rich in hydrocarbons

  5. Oil Consumption by Sector (1998)

  6. Proven oil reserves • 465 billion barrels consumed • 1 trillion barrels left • 22 billion consumed a year • 45 years to go! Party now!

  7. Global Oil Production for Resources of 1800, 2200, and 2600 Billion Barrels 2600 2200 1800

  8. Distribution of Estimates of Ultimately Recoverable World Crude Oil (1975-1993)

  9. World Crude Oil Production

  10. World Crude Oil Prices(economic crises in oil states)

  11. Global trends in oil • Growing use in China (+10%/year) • Japan, Europe depend on Mideast • New reserves around Caspian Sea • Nearly size of Saudi Arabia • Increasing source of major wars, human rights abuses

  12. Kuwait oil well fires, 1991

  13. Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea

  14. Oil and Shi’ites in Saudi Arabia

  15. Oil & natural gas pipelines

  16. U.S. trends in oil • Diverse sources (not Mideast) • Venezuela, Nigeria, etc. • Opening domestic sources • Alaska controversy • Polluting technologies? • Oil shale extraction • Synthetic fuels (coal-to-oil)

  17. Exxon Valdez, Alaska 1989

  18. Attempts tocontain spill

  19. Clean-up efforts

  20. Prince William Sound fishing industry damaged

  21. Oil in Ecuador • Ecuador 2nd largest S. America producer • 70% of exports • Drilling in Amazon rainforest

  22. Opposition to oil companies • Construction of roads, pipelines on Indian lands • Displacement of Indians, • deforestation • Oil leaks into rivers larger than Valdez spill

  23. Ecuador Indian occupations Texaco withdrew 1992, Arco met demands Lawsuit against Texaco in U.S. courts, 1999

  24. Oil in Colombia Thanks to Al Gedicks and Sung Ho Kim Occidental (Oxy) in U’wa Indian Territory in Arauca

  25. Civil War in Colombia Left-Wing Guerrilla Armies (FARC peasant rebels, ELN worker rebels) Some worker’s unions Coca growers(small peasant farmers) Opponents of foreign ownership of resources Caught in Middle Indian tribes (U’wa, etc.) Peace communities Church/ human rights workers Judges, lawyers, journalists, etc. Right-Wing Government Army(U.S. arms, trains) Paramilitary groups(death squads allied with army) Cocaine traffickers Multinational oil & mining corporations

  26. Oil in Colombia

  27. Oil in Colombia

  28. Oil in Nigeria Largest producer in Africa, mainly In Niger Delta Nigeria had military governments in 1990s

  29. Environmental problemsin Niger Delta region Homeland of Ogoni, Ijaw groups Gas flaring hazards Oil spills in mangrove swamp

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