Common Dental Issues in Animals: Causes and Treatments

1. dentistry Presented by Dr. Abdelhaleem H. Elkasapy

2. Dental tartar (odento-lithiasis) • It is the deposition of grayish brown deposit on the tooth near the gum • It is firm and smooth layer of calcium phosphate and carbonate • Seats: horse PM of upper jaw & Canine of lower jaw dog I&C of upper&lower jaw PM of upper only

3. Consists of In horse • Carbonate salt • Magnesium carbonate In dog • Phosphate salt • M.O • Food particles

4. Clinical signs • Offensive fetid bad breath • Localized inflammatory reaction at the gingivae which termed gingivitis. • The gum is red with swollen gingival margin which bleed easily to the touch. • Periodontal disease may supervene if treatment is not carried out. • Dental calculus varies in color from grayish- white to grayish -brown. It has a rough surface which encourages further build-up of plaque.

5. Complications • The deposits are first present at the neck then encroaches on the crown and root of the teeth causing their separation from the gum

7. Treatment • Scrapping of the dental tarter by means of tooth scalar or curette • Washing mouth by antiseptic solution • Touch the gum and the scrapped area with glycerine iodine • If alveolar periostities supervened extraction of the affected tooth is indicated

8. Dental caries • Is a progressive, localized and circumscribed decay or disintegration of the tooth substance (enamel, dentine and cementum) with subsequent formation of a hole, which increased in width and depth until reaches the pulp cavity producing endodontic disease. • Dental caries observed in horses more than in dogs.

9. Causes • There are 3 theories: A- chemical theory: saliva B-parasitic theory: bacteria C- chemical-parasitic theory Occur in 2 stages first stage softening of tissue by effect of saliva 2nd stage invasion of bacteria A vitaminosis of trace elements

10. Symptoms • Yellowish brown to blackish coloration of teeth • Black hole gradually in size • Pain during mastication • Halitosis • Alveolar periostitis • Dental fistula • Fracture of the tooth

11. Treatment Conservative treatment( filling): • Under general anesthesia, the caries spot is bored wide and remove the decay materials till reach healthy part • Clean the pulp by phenol and camphor • The defect filled by cement and covered by copper amalgum Radical treatment: • Extraction of affected tooth

12. Pulpitis • Means inflammation of the pulp cavity Cause • Fracture, dental caries • Alveolar periostitis Signs • Pain in mastication, presence of hole through it pass dental probe

13. Complications of pulpitis: • Osteomylities of the jaw • True dental fistual • Empymia of maxillary sinus Treatment: • Extraction of affected tooth • In empymia trephination

14. Alveolar periostitis • Means inflammation of dental periosteum Cause: • Dental caries, dental tartar • Diastasisdentum • Signs: • Difficult mastication, fetid odour Treatment • TTT of cause

15. Dental fistula Cause • Dental caries • Pulpitis • Alveolar periostitis Pathogenesis: • Inflammatory process bone ostitis and osteomylitis abscess brustexternaly fistula

17. Tongue affections • Wound or laceration of tongue • Strangulation of tongue • Foreign body inside the tongue • Self suckling • Wind suckling • Paralysis of tongue • Thyroglossal cyst • Snake bite • Trumatic ulcer of tongue • Glossitis

18. Wound or laceration of tongue • Cause • Sharp enamel points • Dental tarter elongated tooth • Parrot mouth or pig mouth • Instruments • Foreign body in food

19. Treatment • Superficial wound touch by antiseptic solution • Deep wounds suturing by silk • Do not use catgut as saliva destruct its tensile strength • Severe wounds partial glossectomy

20. Partial glossectomy • General anesthesia • Bleeding prevented by tourniquet • V –shape incision is made by scalpel on ventral aspect its base toward root of tongue • Legates blood vessels • Release tourniquet • Suture by double rows one absorbable and one non absorbable

21. Strangulation of tongue • Application of robe on the tip Of tongue for control of animal pressure on tongue and prevent Circulation and lead to cyanosis Treatment: Remove cause scarification of Tongue In necrosis partial glossectomy

22. Foreign body inside the tongue Cause • Nail, needle, wire in dog • Cattle is careless eaters while horse and sheep selective feeding Treatment • Mouth gag • Extraction of f.b

23. self suckling • it is bad vice of cattle in milking season and cubing of the lip of tongue and self suckling • Lead to loss of milk and mastitis Treatment • Ring in the fernumlinguae • Neck collar • Mucosal resection (operation)

25. Wind suckling(tongue lolling) • Bad habit • Playing of tongue • Open mouth after stretch of head and neck and move tongue from side to side leading to: • Decrease milk &meat production • Off food recurrent tympany Treatment • Ring on fernumlinguae removed after 6 m

27. Paralysis of the tongue • Paralysis of hypoglossal n. (12 CN) leads to glossohemiplasia • The tongue is retracted inside mouth cavity and deviated toward the unaffected side due to muscle contraction • Paralysis may be central or peripheral • Central due to new growths of brain, lead poisoning, botulism, rabies, canine distember • Peripheral due to inflammation of nerve

28. Treatment of paralysis • Remove cause • Nerve tonics • If no response after two weeks make scarification

29. Thyroglossal cyst • It is a congenital anomaly on the base of tongue • It is an embryonic remenant of thyroglossal duct • Symptoms • A cyst at the base of the tongue • It reaches upto 7 cm and contains honey

30. Thank You