Search Strategy Design for Systematic Reviews

1. Search Strategy Design for Systematic Reviews

2. Hello! Eileen Harrington Health & Life Sciences Librarian eharring@umd.edu Priddy Library Shady Grove Sarah Over Engineering Librarian sover@umd.edu STEM Library College Park Stephanie Ritchie Agriculture & Natural Resources Librarian sritchie@umd.edu STEM Library College Park Nedelina Tchangalova Public Health Librarian nedelina@umd.edu STEM Library College Park

3. Workshop Outline • Introduction and a definition of a systematic review • Guidelines for conducting a systematic review • Researchers’ roles in a systematic review • Service providers and search interfaces • Structure of a search strategy • Search strategies and tools • Hands-on activity • How librarians can work with you

4. 1 Introduction Let’s start with a definition of a systematic review

5. What is a systematic review? How does it differ from a literature review?

6. A properly conducted systematic review faithfully summarizes the evidence from all relevant studies on the topic of interest, and it does so concisely and transparently.” (Cook et al., 1997)

7. The application of strategies that limit bias in the assembly, critical appraisal, and synthesis of all relevant studies on a specific topic.” (Porta, 2008)

8. 2 Guidelines for conducting systematic reviews

9. Guidelines for SR • Cochrane Handbook(Part 2, Chapter 6.4) • PRISMA • Institute of Medicine Standards for Systematic Reviews (IOM) • Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies (PRESS) Image: http://www.infectioncontrolresults.com

10. Use an expert searcherExcerpts from the Guidelines • Include expertise in searching for relevant evidence (IOM Standard 2.1.3) • Work with a librarian or other information specialist trained in performing systematic reviews to plan the search strategy (IOM Standard 3.1.1) • Use an independent librarian or other information specialist to peer review the search strategy (IOM Standard 3.1.3) Image: https://saltandlightministriesgh.org/an-expert-searcher/

11. Address the research questionExcerpts from the Guidelines • Is the search question translated well into search concepts? (PRESS Checklist) • Design the search strategy to address each key research question (IOM Standard 3.1.2) • The structure of the search strategy should be based on the main concepts being examined in a review (Cochrane Handbook 6.4.2) Image: http://ticklethewire.com/tag/john-yervelli-jr/

12. The search must be reproducibleExcerpts from the Guidelines • Describe all databases used in the search and date last searched (PRISMA Checklist, #7) • Present full electronic search strategyfor at least one database, including any limits used, such that it could be repeated. (PRISMA Checklist, #8) • Provide a line-by-line description of the search strategy, including the date of every search for each database, web browser, etc. (IOM Standard 3.4.1) :Image http://www.musingsone.com/2015/09/why-most-published-data-are-not.html

13. 3 Researchers’ roles in a systematic review

14. Librarians • Develop a search strategy • Search databases • Remove duplicates • Send studies to researchers for review • Write the Methods section of the manuscript • Manage references and more Researchers • Synthesize the body of evidence Image: Centre for Health Communication and Participation

15. 4 Searvice providers & search interfaces Let’s explore some examples

16. A single database may be offered through several providers/vendors • Each provider has its… • …own search interface e.g. MEDLINE via EBSCO and PubMed • …own search syntax TI cancer OR AB cancer (in EBSCO) cancer[Title/Abstract] (in PubMed) Image: http://convergentindia.com/service_provider.html

17. 5 Structure of a search strategy

18. The search strategy… • … is an organized structure of keywords used to search a database • … consists of main concepts being examined in the systematic review connected with the Boolean operators AND and OR Title of review should include these concepts, too. Image by Unsplash

19. (“head and neck cancer” OR “head neck neoplasm” OR “head and neck cancer survivors” OR “oral cancer” OR “pharynx cancer” OR “larynx cancer” OR “nasopharynx cancer” OR “oropharynx cancer” OR “tongue cancer”) AND (symptom burden OR physical symptom burden OR symptom experience OR nutrit* impact symptom* OR side effect* OR xerostomia OR dry mouth OR dysphagia OR difficulty swallowing OR trismus OR difficulty opening mouth OR sensitivity OR mastication OR difficulty chewing OR taste* OR taste changes OR taste dysfunction OR dysgeusia OR pain) AND (quality of life OR malnutrition OR cachexia OR weight loss OR sarcopenia OR weight OR food choice OR physical OR functional status OR nutritional concerns OR diet quality OR nutritional status)(Crowder et al., 2018) Whoa! That’s a long string but don’t be scared! We will walk you through the steps on building it! Example of a search strategy

20. 6 Search strategies & tools

21. Words to consider • Controlled vocabulary and text words • Synonyms, related terms, variant spellings, truncation and wildcards • Boolean operators (AND, OR and NOT) Image by Unsplash

22. (“head and neck cancer” OR “head neck neoplasm” OR “head and neck cancer survivors” OR “oral cancer” OR “pharynx cancer” OR “larynx cancer” OR “” OR “oropharynx cancer” OR “tongue cancer”) AND (nasopharynx cancersymptom burden OR physical symptom burden OR symptom experience OR nutrit* impact symptom* OR side effect* OR xerostomia OR dry mouth OR dysphagia OR difficulty swallowing OR trismus[MeSH] OR difficulty opening mouth OR sensitivity OR mastication OR difficulty chewing OR taste* OR taste changes OR taste dysfunction OR dysgeusia OR pain) AND (“quality of life”[MeSH] OR malnutrition OR cachexia OR “weight loss”[MeSH] OR sarcopenia[Title/Abstract] OR weight[Title/Abstract] OR food choice OR physical OR functional status OR nutritional concerns OR diet quality OR nutritional status)(Adapted from Crowder et al., 2018) • Controlled vocabulary and • text words For more information, check Cochrane Handbook, Part 2, Chapter 6.4.5)

23. (“head and neck cancer” OR “head neck neoplasm” OR “head and neck cancer survivors” OR “oral cancer” OR “pharynx cancer” OR “larynx cancer” OR “nasopharynx cancer” OR “oropharynx cancer” OR “tongue cancer”) AND (symptom burden OR physical symptom burden OR symptom experience OR nutrit* impact symptom* OR side effect* OR xerostomia OR dry mouth OR dysphagia OR difficulty swallowing OR trismus[MeSH] OR difficulty opening mouth OR sensitivity OR mastication OR difficulty chewing OR taste* OR taste changes OR taste dysfunction OR dysgeusia OR pain) AND (“quality of life”[MeSH] OR malnutrition OR cachexia OR “weight loss”[MeSH] OR sarcopenia[Title/Abstract] OR weight[Title/Abstract] OR food choice OR physical OR functional status OR nutritional concerns OR diet quality OR nutritional status)(Adapted from Crowder et al., 2018) • Synonyms, related terms, truncation[*], • wildcards • Things to also keep in mind: • Variant spellings – behavior, behaviour • Wildcards – wom?n for woman and women For more information, see Cochrane Handbook, (Part 2, Ch. 6.4.6)

24. (“head and neck cancer” OR “head neck neoplasm” OR “head and neck cancer survivors” OR “oral cancer” OR “pharynx cancer” OR “larynx cancer” OR “nasopharynx cancer” OR “oropharynx cancer” OR “tongue cancer”) AND (symptom burden OR physical symptom burden OR symptom experience ORnutrit* impact symptom* OR side effect* OR xerostomia OR dry mouth OR dysphagia OR difficulty swallowing ORtrismus[MeSH] OR difficulty opening mouth OR sensitivity OR mastication OR difficulty chewing OR taste* OR taste changes OR taste dysfunction ORdysgeusiaOR pain) AND (“quality of life”[MeSH] OR malnutrition OR cachexia OR “weight loss”[MeSH] ORsarcopenia[Title/Abstract] OR weight[Title/Abstract] OR food choice OR physical OR functional status OR nutritional concerns OR diet quality OR nutritional status)(Adapted from Crowder et al., 2018) Boolean operators

25. 7 Hands-on activity Let’s draft a search strategy now!

26. Let’s put our brains to work! • Develop a research question using PICO form • Brainstorm keywords • Use benchmark articles • Explore subject thesaurus and controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. MeSH, Academic Search Ultimate) • Create concept strings for EBSCO • Record keeping system (Word, Excel, Notepad) Image: https://www.innovativeos.com/collaborative-work-places-to-enhance-creativity/

27. Outcome • Population • Intervention • Comparison Other frameworks for research questions are available at http://lib.guides.umd.edu/SR/research_question 1. Develop a research question O P I C

28. 2. Brainstorm keywords

29. 3. Benchmark articles

30. 3. Benchmark articles • Abstract • Scan for phrases, technical terms and abbreviations used for your concepts • Keywords • Differentiate between author supplied keywords and controlled vocabulary • You can use both in your search, but differently

31. Other sources for controlled vocabulary are available at http://lib.guides.umd.edu/SR/search_strategy 4. Explore subject thesaurus and controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. MeSH, Academic Search Ultimate) Both online thesauri and database subject term indexes are good sources of controlled vocabulary

32. 5. Create concept strings for an EBSCO database (e.g. Academic Search Ultimate) P “index term” OR synonym OR SU synonym OR TI synonym OR AB synonym I “index term” OR synonym OR SU synonym OR TI synonym OR AB synonym C “index term” OR synonym OR SU synonym OR TI synonym OR AB synonym O “index term” OR synonym OR SU synonym OR TI synonym OR AB synonym

33. Search string P (“index term” OR synonym OR SU synonym OR TI synonym OR AB synonym) AND I (“index term” OR synonym OR SU synonym OR TI synonym OR AB synonym) AND C (“index term” OR synonym OR SU synonym OR TI synonym OR AB synonym) AND O (“index term” OR synonym OR SU synonym OR TI synonym OR AB synonym)

34. Keep in mind… vs. Figure 1 Figure 2

35. More resources on developing a search strategy: http://lib.guides.umd.edu/SR/search_strategy

36. Inclusion & exclusion criteria • Date • Exposure of interest • Geographic location • Language • Participants • Peer review • Reported outcomes • Setting • Study design • Type of publication Template Image: https://www.slideshare.net/BrookWhitePMP/improving-inclusionexclusion-criteria-for-clinical-trials

37. Database selection: Why more than one? Overlap between two major citation databases (Gavel & Iselid, 2008)

38. Overlap between the citation databases and the medical databases (Gavel & Iselid, 2008)

39. 6. Record keeping system MS Excel MS Notepad MS Word Templates available at http://lib.guides.umd.edu/SR/steps (on the left side column)

40. 8 If you still need help after the workshop… • …you can contact us at systrev@umd.edu

41. Our tiered SR service • Credit given as co-authorship • Credit given as acknowledgement General consulting • In a one hour in-person consultation, we will provide a basic overview of the systematic review process. • We develop the search strategy, execute the searching in various databases, manage the studies and prepare them for screening by the researcher and write any portion of the search methodology. • We offer assistance in generating key terms, creating search strings for specific databases, and/or reviewing search strings created by the researcher. 1 2 3 For more information: http://lib.guides.umd.edu/SR/help

42. References & Credits • Cook, D. J., Mulrow, C. D., & Haynes, R. B. (1997). Systematic reviews: Synthesis of best evidence for clinical decisions. Annals of Internal Medicine, 126(5), 376–380. • Gavel, Y., & Iselid, L. (2008). Web of Science and Scopus: a journal title overlap study. Online information review, 32(1), 8-21. • Porta, M. S. (Ed.). (2008). A dictionary of epidemiology. (5th ed.). Oxford ; Oxford University Press. Special thanks to all the people who made and released these awesome resources for free: • Slides content based on materials from workshop “Designing Search Strategies for Systematic Reviews” from the Bernard Becker Medical Library, Washington University, St. Louis • Presentation template by SlidesCarnival

43. Thanks! Any questions? You can find us at systrev@umd.edu