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Animal/Dairy Science 434

Kangaroo. Rat. Human. Animal/Dairy Science 434 . Lec 2: Female comparative anatomy; History of Reproductive Physiology. Ovarian Differences. Mare. Cow. Sow. Mare. Preovulatory Tertiary Follicle. Blood vessels and connective tissue in medulla. Internal CL. Mare. Cow. Sow.

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Animal/Dairy Science 434

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  1. Kangaroo Rat Human Animal/Dairy Science 434 Lec 2: Female comparative anatomy; History of Reproductive Physiology

  2. Ovarian Differences Mare Cow Sow

  3. Mare Preovulatory Tertiary Follicle Blood vessels and connective tissue in medulla Internal CL Mare Cow Sow Cow, Sow, Ewe, Human • Cortex on outside • Ovulation can occur on any point of the ovary • Inversion of the cortex and medulla. • Ovulation occurs at the Ovulation Fossa

  4. Uterine and Cervical Differences Sow Mare Cow

  5. Duplex Rabbit, Mouse Oposum 2 Uterine Horns 2 Cervixes 2 Vaginas 1 Vagina

  6. Bicornuate Cow Sow Ewe Smaller uterine horns Large uterine horns 1 Vagina1 Cervix1 Uterine Body2 Uterine Horns

  7. Bicornuate Mare 1 Vagina1 Cervix1 Uterine Body 2 Uterine Horns Large uterine bodySmaller uterine horns

  8. Bicornuate Dog Cat 1 Vagina1 Cervix1 Uterine Body 2 Uterine Horns Small uterine bodyLong uterine horns

  9. Simplex Woman Large uterine bodyNo uterine horns 1 Vagina1 Cervix1 Uterine Body

  10. Human Tract

  11. Human Tract

  12. Internal Cervical Os External Cervical Os COW Uterine Body • Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue • Mucus is secreted near the time of breeding and ovulation. Cervix Cow has 4-5 annular rings Vagina

  13. Mare Sow Uterine Body Uterine Body Longitudinal Folds No obstacles Interdigitating pads No fornix vagina Fornix Vagina Vagina Vagina

  14. Cervix COW Internal Os Cervical Ring Cervical Ring Fornix Fornix External Os Fornix EWE Anterior Vagina Anterior Vagina

  15. Cervix Cervical Folds FV IP Mare Sow

  16. External Genitalia Sow Mare Cow Ewe

  17. Human Tract

  18. External Genitalia

  19. Posterior Vagina (Vestibule) Fornix Mucosa Vagina Anterior Vagina Cervix Vulva-Vaginal Sphincter (Hymen) Stratified Squamous Epithelium Columnar Epithelium Urethra Submucosa Submucosa

  20. perivitelline membrane chalazae albumen Magnum shell membrane Isthmus Shell Gland cleaving blastodisc shell Infundibulum Avian Female Anatomy Ovary Oviduct Uterus Intestine 24 hrs50K cells vagina Right Oviduct cloaca Left side of Reproductive Tract Develops!!

  21. Chicken Tract Ovary Magnum Intestine Shell Gland

  22. Chicken Ovary Hierarchal Follicles

  23. Ovary with large follicles removed Ruptured follicle

  24. Chicken Reproductive Tract Isthmus Infundibulum Magnum Shell Gland Cloaca Follicles

  25. Infundibulum

  26. Cloaca Vagina Vaginal opening Intestine opening

  27. Cloaca of Chicken Intestine opening Vagina opening

  28. Generation of Animals Historical Development of Reproductive Physiology • Fetus arises from menstrual blood • Seminal plasma initiates the conversion of menstrual blood • Semen from all parts of body Aristotle 384-322 BC

  29. The Age of Gross Anatomy • Fallopius (1562) • Describes the oviduct • Coiter (1573) • Describes the corpus luteum • Regnier de Graff (1672) • Describes the antral follicle (Graafian Follicle)

  30. Development of the Microscope • van Leewenhoek (1677) • Describes spermatozoa in semen

  31. What is the role of spermatozoa? • Spallanzani (1780) • Sperm were the fertilizing agent in semen • Successful artificial insemination of a dog • Dumas (1825) • Proves sperm the fertilizing agent

  32. Modern Reprod. Physiology • Gonads produce steroid hormones • Regulation of estrous cycles in females • Radioimmunoassay (RIA) • Artificial Insemination • Cryopreservation • Prostaglandin used to control estrous cycles • Biotechnology

  33. Approach to Applications • Develop basic knowledge of how system works • Investigate methods that can perturb the system • Manipulate the system to improve reproduction

  34. Enhancing Reproduction • Small improvements have profound effects on production • 3% improvement in birth rate results in an additional: • 1 million beef calves/year • 3.2 million pigs/year • 3.7 million gallons of milk/year

  35. Current Trends • Continuing need to: • improve reproductive performance • understand how to apply new technology Metabolic and Physiologic Changes Production Reproduction

  36. Limiting Reproduction Pets Insects Humans Wildlife

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