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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. Chapter 4. Early People of the Aegean. Classical Civilization. Minoan Traders (1750BC -1400 BC). Minoans: successful trade civilization in Crete Island of Crete= between Egypt & Greece, center for culture and trade along Aegean Sea

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece Chapter 4

  2. Early People of the Aegean Classical Civilization

  3. Minoan Traders(1750BC -1400 BC) • Minoans: successful trade civilization in Crete • Island of Crete= between Egypt & Greece, center for culture and trade along Aegean Sea • Palace of Knossos= capitalIncluded religious shrines dedicated to gods • 1400 BC Minoan civilization vanishes • Possibly wiped out by invaders • Invaded by Mycenaeans

  4. Mycenaeans (1400bc- 1200 BC) • Took over power after Minoans vanish • Lived in city-states of Greek mainland • Best known for fighting in Trojan War (1250 BC)

  5. Trojan War • Mythological Cause: Trojan prince kidnapped Greek queen Helen of Troy • -Greeks sailed to Troy, rescued kidnapped queen Helen • Historic Cause: trade route turf war btwn Mycenaeans & Troy • War lasted 10 years until Troy was burned

  6. Homer & Greece • Most of what we know about Greece comes from poet, Homer • Blind poet lived around 750 BC • Wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey • Wrote about Greek warriors & heroes & display of honor & courage & eloquence

  7. Conquered • 1100 BC, Dorians invade Greece • Captured Mycenaeans • Greece was left an obscure, desolate land • Hundreds of years before Greece recuperated

  8. Minoans, Mycenaeans & Dorians

  9. Rise of Greek City-States Section 2

  10. Geography Shapes Greece • Seas & water=link to the outside world • Skilled traders & sailors • Developed unique ideas about government • Polis: city-state “city” • Built many small city-states, separated by mountains & sea instead of one large empire • Rivalries often led to war, but had same language & religions

  11. Governing Greece • Polis= major city & surrounding countryside • Acropolis: high city/major city • Built on a hill, contained many temples • Monarchy: hereditary ruler controls central gov’t • Aristocracy: ruled by landholding elite • Oligarchy: city-state controlled by small wealthy group

  12. New Warfare • New war technology develops increases power of middle class • Phalanx: massive tactical formation where heavily armed soldiers • Sparta: stressed military strength & training • Bred & trained children to fight (boys & girls) • Men: strict discipline & exercise regimen • Women: exercised, trained, & had to have sons

  13. New Government • -Democracy: governed by the people • -Direct Democracy: every citizen votes on every law • -Representative Democracy: citizens vote for reps who make laws • -Legislature: council of citizens who became the law making body

  14. Athenian Democracy

  15. Summary • What is an acropolis? • What was the main focus o Spartan culture? • How were Spartan women & Athenian women different? • Main Idea:

  16. Greek City-StatesChart the differences Sparta Athens

  17. Conflict in Greece Chapter4 Section 3

  18. Conflict in Greece Key Terms • Alliance 2. Pericles 3. Ostracism Focus Question: How did war with invaders and conflict among Greeks affect city-states?

  19. Greeks & Persians • Persian Empire= Large enough to include Greek city-states, gov’t became difficult…led to war • Persian Wars: Greeks Won! …eventually • Athens most powerful city-state • Formed alliance w/ others Delian League • Alliance: formal agreement with other powers to cooperate

  20. Leadership • Athens  golden age led by Pericles • Good govt, good economy, more democratic • Direct Democracy: citizens directly contribute to daily gov’t • men in Assembly & Council were paid (stipend)

  21. Order in the Court! • Athenians served on juries • Citizens who make the final judgment in a trial • Also voted to banish any threat to democracy • Ostracism: to banish

  22. Reign of Pericles • Athens = prospered to cultural center • Other city-states jealous war • Peloponnesian War: Athens vs. Sparta • Sparta + Persia= defeated Athens • Athens economy was eventually revived • Summary???

  23. Conflict in Greece

  24. Glory of Greece Chapter 4 Section 4 & 5

  25. Philosophers • Greek thinkers used observation and reason to explain • Philosophers: Lovers of wisdom • Explored areas of math, music, logic (rational) • Some defined proper behavior, some believed success= more important that moral truth • Used rhetoric skills: art of skillful speaking

  26. Philosophers • Socrates: believed in seeking truth & knowledge • Plato: Student of Socrates, promoted knowledge • Set up school called Academy • Aristotle: student of Plato, promoted reason • Set up school called Lyceum

  27. Art & Architecture • Greek artists/architects reflected beauty and balance in their works • Parthenon- most famous example of Greek architecture • Sculptors carved figures in rigid poses, then more natural forms with grace & perfection

  28. Literature & History • Playwrights wrote tragedies & comedies • Tragedy: tell of suffering and end in disaster • Comedy: humorous plays to mock/criticize society • History important area of study for Greeks • Herodotus: “Father of History” • Emphasized research & recording of events

  29. Leadership • Philip II: king of Macedonia, built massive empire & was assassinated before he was able to conquer Persian Empire • Alexander the Great: took the throne & began to conquer Persia • Died at 33 & people assimilated to Greek culture • Assimilated: absorbed, merged

  30. Greece + Egypt • Alexandria: city center of Egypt, founded by Alexander the Great • Great library, extravagant architecture, grand detail to glorify leaders • Called the Hellenistic age (for rulers)

  31. Greek Geeks • Pythagoras: mathematician, developed formula for right triangle • Archimedes: applied physics to inventions • Aristarchus developed heliocentric (sun-centered solar system theory) • Hippocrates: physician studied causes & cures for illnesses

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