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Chapter 37

Chapter 37. Section 2 Insect Behavior. Communication. Pheromone, light, & sound Pheromone - chemical released by an animals that affects the behavior or development of other members of the same species through the sense of smell or taste Example: ant trails- following a pheromone.

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Chapter 37

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  1. Chapter 37 Section 2 Insect Behavior

  2. Communication • Pheromone, light, & sound • Pheromone- chemical released by an animals that affects the behavior or development of other members of the same species through the sense of smell or taste • Example: ant trails- following a pheromone

  3. Communication • Pheromones are also used as identification of an animal or home • Pheromones can attract a mate

  4. Communication • Sound- chirping of insects • Attract mates & warn other males away from territories • Example: crickets use sound by rubbing a scraper located on one forewing against a vein on the other forewing • Example: mosquitoes use for mate

  5. Communication • Light • Example: bioluminescence- fireflies • Used for mating and communication

  6. Behavior in Honeybees • Social insects- some individuals gather food, others protect the colony, and other reproduce • Social insects allow for more independence and dividing work in each colony • Honeybees have innate behavior- genetically determined behavior

  7. Behavior in Honeybees • Three types of honeybees: worker bees, queen bee, and drones • Worker bees- non-reproductive females that make up the vast majority of the hive population • Workers perform all duties except reproduction

  8. Behavior in Honeybees • Queen bee- only reproductive female in the hive, and her only function is to reproduce • Drones- males that develop from unfertilized eggs, and their only function is to deliver sperm to the queen

  9. Behavior in Honeybees • Worker bees must feed the drones because their mouth parts are too small to obtain nectar from flowers

  10. Worker Bees • Lifetime = six weeks • Workers feed honey and pollen to queen, drones, and larvae- during this stage, they are called: nurse bees • Royal jelly- high-protein substance worker bees feed to the queen and youngest larvae

  11. Worker Bees • After about a week, the worker bees secrete wax to repair and build hive • Spend last week of life gathering pollen and nectar for hive • Adaptations: have mouthparts to gather nectar and buds on legs to collect pollen

  12. Worker Bees • When a worker bee stings another animal, it dies a day or two later

  13. The Queen Bee • Queens develop from larvae that are constantly feed royal jelly • Queens mature and secrete apheromone called the queen factor- prevents other female larvae from developing into queens

  14. The Queen Bee • Queens usually mate once, but lay thousands of eggs • Queens role is to reproduce

  15. The Queen Bee • Hive becomes over-crowded, and the queen bee will leave taking worker bees with her causing a swarm • They search for a new location to build a new hive

  16. The Dances of the Bees • Round dance- food near hive

  17. The Dances of the Bees • Waggle dance- food far from hive

  18. Altruistic Behavior • Altruistic behavior- aiding of other individuals at one’s own risk or expense • Example: sting and cause death • Kin selection- mechanism of propagating one’s own genes by helping a related individual reproduce

  19. REVIEW!!! • Name examples of how insects communicate, and provide an example of each way. • How do honeybees behave when their hive is overcrowded? • What determines whether a fertilized honeybee egg will develop into a worker or queen?

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