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Cells Chapter 3 “Meiosis/ Genes and DNA” period 1

Cells Chapter 3 “Meiosis/ Genes and DNA” period 1. Target 3-1. Mitosis. Meiosis. 8 phases 4 cells made Sex cells Daughter cells not like parent ½ # of chromosomes. 6 phases 2 cells made Body cells Daughter cells identical copies of parent cell Same # of chromosomes. Target 3-2.

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Cells Chapter 3 “Meiosis/ Genes and DNA” period 1

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  1. Cells Chapter 3“Meiosis/ Genes and DNA”period 1

  2. Target 3-1 Mitosis Meiosis 8 phases 4 cells made Sex cells Daughter cells not like parent ½ # of chromosomes • 6 phases • 2 cells made • Body cells • Daughter cells identical copies of parent cell • Same # of chromosomes

  3. Target 3-2 • Sex chromosomes carry the genes which determine gender. • One gene from mother one from father. • In the case of humans, X from mother Y from father makes males; X from mother X from father makes female.

  4. Target 3-3 • Y chromosome can’t carry as much information as the X chromosome • Sex-linked disorders happen in males because they only have one X (no second copy to cover it up) • Examples: color blindness, hemophilia

  5. Target 1-1 • Nucleotides made of Phosphate, sugar, base • 4 bases • Adenine & Thymine • Guanine & Cytosine • Sugar and phosphate make the backbone • Phosphates connect to sugars • Sugars connect to bases

  6. Target 1-1 • DNA is shaped in a twisted ladder, double helix • Nucleotide • Sugar, Phosphate, Base • Base attaches to Sugar • Phosphate attaches to sugar • Bases • Adenine & Thymine (A-T) • Cytosine & Guanine (C-G)

  7. P S P S P S P S A G A G T C T C P S P S P S P S

  8. Target 1-2 • DNA unwinds • DNA unzips down the middle 3. New bases are added to each side. A with T & C with G 4. 2 new DNA’s are made (1 old piece & 1 new) 5. DNA winds up again

  9. Target 2-1 DNA genes proteins • ______ codes for ______which code for _______

  10. Target 2-2 • DNA is copied into mRNA • mRNA leaves the nucleus into cytoplasm • mRNA goes into a ribosome • mRNA is read by the tRNA 5. Amino acids link into a chain - tRNAcarries an amino acid (AA)

  11. Target 2-3 • Substitution- a base is changed for another • # of bases stays the same • Insertion- an extra base is added • # of bases increases by at least 1 • Deletion- a base is removed • # of bases decrease by at least 1

  12. Target 2-4 • Sickle-cell • Cystic fibrosis

  13. Target 2-5 • Genetic Engineering • Cure diseases, make new products (drugs, food, fabrics), transfer genes from one organism to another. • Genetic Identification • Use DNA to tell who committed the crime, use DNA to tell familial relations, to tell if a person has a genetic/hereditary disease

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